The Most Effective Antibiotic On Bacteria Biology Essay

The Most Effective Antibiotic On bacterium Biology Essay in advance bacterium can multiply and evidence symptoms our repellent system can unremarkably destroy them. We collapse superfluous white blood carrells that attack harmful bacterium. Even if symptoms do occur, our immune system can ordinarily cope and fight off the infection. on that point argon occasions, however, when it is all too much and our bodies need close to abet from antibiotic drug drugs.The first antibiotic was penicillin. Such penicillin-related antibiotics as ampicillin, amoxicillin and benzylpenicilllin atomic number 18 entirely used today to treat a variety of infections these antibiotics deport been approximately for a long time. There be several different types of newfangled antibiotics and they are solo available with a doctors prescription in industrialised countries.An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an infection caused by bacteria. They target only bacteria they do n on attack other organisms, such as fungi or viruses. If you have an infection it is important to know whether it is caused by bacteria, and not a virus or fungus. Most upper respiratory tract infections, such as the common cold and sore throats are generally caused by viruses antibiotics do not work against viruses.Antibiotics are overused or used incorrectly there is a chance that the bacteria allow become resistant the antibiotic becomes less efficient against that type of bacterium.A broad-spectrum antibiotic can be used to treat a wide range of infections. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is only effective against a fewer types of bacteria. There are antibiotics that attack aerobic bacteria, while others work against anaerobiotic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria need oxygen, while anaerobic bacteria dont.Antibiotics may be given in the beginninghand, to stop infection, as mogul be the instance before surgery. This is called prophylactic use of antibiotics. They are commonly use d before bowel and orthopedic surgery.bacteriaThe word bacteria is the plural of bacterium. grammatically the headline should just say What are bacteria? The incorrect fashion has been included in the headline to remind readers that it is wrong and hopefully inspection and repair correct an increasingly common mistake in the position language. Bacteria are tiny living beings (microorganisms) they are neither plants nor animals they belong to a group all by themselves. Bacteria are tiny single-cell microorganisms, usually a few micrometers in length that normally exist unneurotic in millions.A gram of soil typically contains ab tabu 40 million bacterial cells. A milliliter of fresh water usually hold fasts ab come forward one million bacterial cells.Planet Earth is estimated to hold at least 5 nonillion bacteria. Scientists say that much of Earths biomass is made up of bacteria.5 nonillion = 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or 51030)(Nonillion = 30 zeros in USA Engl ish. In British English it equals 54 zeros. This text uses the American meaning)Bacterial cell wallsBacterial cell walls consist of spirit level of peptidoglycan which is made up of m each parallel polysaccharide chains with short peptide cross-linkage forming an enormous molecule with net-like structure. However, there are deuce different types of bacterial cell wall, which can be high-flown by Gram staining, a staining technique developed by Christian Gram in 1984 and still in use today. Before staining, bacteria are colorless. The cell walls of Gram- domineering bacteria have a thick socio-economic class of peptidoglycan containing chemicals such as teichoic acid within their net-like structure. The crystallisationlizing violet in the stain binds to the teichoic acid and resists decolouring in the rest of the process, deviation the positive lofty/blue color.The cell walls of Gram- damaging bacteria have a thinner level of peptidoglycan with ni teichoic acid between the deuce spirit levels of membranes and then an come outer membrane-like layer made up of lipopolisaccharides. Any crystal violet which does not bind is readily decolourised and re laid with red safranine in the Gram stain. So cells appear red.PROBLEM STATEMENTWhich antibiotic is the near effective on bacteria?APPARATUS200 ml of micropipette, conic flask, forceps, 100 ml beakerMATERIALSPetri peach, sample of E.coli and staphylococcus, 3 different types of antibiotic which are carbenicilin, streptomycin and tetracycline, distilled water, Dettol handwash, 75 % of ethanol, agar-agar-agar, tissue paperVARIABLESFixed variable volume of bacteriaManipulated variable types of antibioticResponding variable arena of forbiddance zone possible actionThe about effective antibiotic to inhibit bacteria developing is ampicillinPROCEDUREFirst of all, wash out hands with the soap or handwash. The working area is sprayed thoroughly with the disinfectant spray. It is left for at least 10 min utes, and wiped with a paper towel.An agar place seeded with is prepared. The petri dish out is labeled on the base at the edge out of name, the go out and type of bacterium it is inoculated with by usng permanent marker pen.After conclusion marking the petri dish, the Esterichia coli bacteria is poured by utilise micropipette into the petri dish on the tag labeling and distri stille it evenly.The agar is taken out from 60 C oven. The back talk of the conical flask containing the agar is warmed in the flame to prevent both different bacteria from surrounding grow inside(a) it.The agar is left for 10 minutes for it to solidify before projectting the uninventive disc dip into three different antibiotics.The forceps are flamed and used them to tear up disc or Mast ring. It is dip into the antibiotic solution and is placed firmly in the centre of the agar.The dish is taped securely with two pieces of adhesive tape and kept it upside down at way temperature for 24 hours.Step 1 until steps 7 are iterate by using another type of bacteria which is staphylococcus.Our hands are washed with soap or handwash and the bench is cleaned again using the 75 % of ethanol.After the incubation, the plate should be looked at carefully but do not open it. Where bacteria have grown the plate will look opaque, but where the antibiotics have inhibited result, clear zones called forbidding zones will be seen.The diameter of the forbidding zones is measured in milimetres and the instruction is used to decide which antibiotic is most effective at inhibiting the growth of the bacterium.The entropy is collected from other members of the class who used the other bacterial cultures.PRECAUTIONSWhen carrying out the experiment, we should work very closed to the Bunsen burner to prevent each impurities in each apparatus that is used.Do not seal all the upper and lower go of petri dish.Both petri dishes contain different bacteria need to be inverted to prevent the water vapo ur from forming at the upper site of the agar. It mogul affected or overshadow the inhibition zones that are formed inside the dish.Make sure our hands are constantly being wash with disinfectant before wretched any apparatus.Before using any apparatus, they should be sterile to prevent any unwanted impurities to grow in the petri dish.Do not open the petri dish after incubation to prevent from infection.RESULTSAntibioticDiameter of inhibition area/ cmInhibition area / cmE. ColiStaphylococcusE.ColiStaphylococcusTetracyclin2.63.05.37.0Streptomycin1.62.08.03.1Carbenicillin1.53.54.99.6ampicillin3.63.810.211.3Control0000Explanation of the dataTable above shows the area of inhibition zone of the bacteria growth on two different bacteria. Four types of antibiotics are used to be canvasd which is the most effective on a particular bacteria. They are tetracycline, streptomycin, carbenicillin and ampicillin. Whereas two types of bacteria are used which are staphylococcus and Esterichia Co li.For E.coli, ampicilin showed the greatest inhibition area of bacteria growth with 10.2 cm. Another antibiotic that showed the proximate reading is streptomycin. Tetacyclin and carbenicilin showed 5.3 cm and 4.9 cm respectively. This result clearly shown that ampicilin is the most effective antibiotic to inhibit the growth of E.coli. excessively that, E.coli is a gram negative bacteria. The cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan with no teichoic acid between the two layers of membranes and then an outer membrane-like layer made up of lipopolisaccharides.In addition to that, Staphylococcus withal had a higher inhibition zone of bacteria on ampicilin. Other bacterias have no effect as great as ampicilin which can be consider as a strong antibiotic. Staphy is a gram positive bacteria. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan containing chemicals such as teichoic acid within their net-like structure. The crysta l violet in the stain binds to the teichoic acid and resists decolouring in the rest of the process, leaving the positive purple/blue color. That is why ampicilin is said to be the most effective antibiotic on both bacterias.LimitationsThere are some limitations that cannot be avoided when carrying out the experiment. The first one was every apparatus that we used had been sterile by the laboratory assistant. Thus we had to wash our hands thoroughly before touching anything. We even could not talk during the preparation. The problem was we carried out the experiment on the labs table, instead of using the cupboard fume to maintain the sterile apparatus. Thus, there might be some of the apparatus that we were using had been contaminated. This condition might affect the reliability of the experiment hence the expected results might not get at the end of the experiment.Besides that, we had to wash our hands by using the dettol hand soap before we start and end the experiment. We had to pip all the impurities and bacteria and that was the purpose of washing hand. The problem rose as we did not know whether we had washed our hand to the maximum cleanliness. Consequently, all the apparatus and materials that we used might be affected by our hand. This is done so that there are no infections or contaminations on the agar that might give problems later.Sources of errorThere are some sources of error when carrying out this experiment. Firstly, we prepared the experiment at room temperature. It was supposed to carry out in sterile medium to prevent anything from affecting during the preparation of bacteria and antibiotics.Next, the major problem that could be seen during the experiment was most of the groups could not be able to solidify their agar to the maximum hardness. Consequently, when inverting the petri dish, all its contents would be messy inside the petri dish and the disc had mixed to one another. Thus, the antibiotics on each disc also had mixed that could affected the whole result. To outperform this problem, students should let the agar solidify before inverting the petri dish. Another problem was some of the groups do not invert their petri dish before keeping it inside the incubator. This would cause the water vapour to form at the upper part of the petri dish. It would also affect the growth of the bacteria in agar.Fourth, the layer of agar inside the petri dish was too thin that caused it fell to the bottom when inverting it. Besides ruining the shape of the agar and the position of the discs in the agar, the thin layer of agar also inhibits the growth of bacteria because it lacked of nutrients. To prevent this, the layer of agar should be half of the petri dish.Further workTo get more sure and accurate result, this experiment should be repeated by varying the temperature to investigate the activity of antibiotic on bacteria. This means that increase the temperature would cause the antibiotic to act more rapidly compared to th e temperature that we used before. Thus we do not have to wait for 24 hours to see the inhibition zone. This manipulated variable also do not waste the time consuming for the experiment. Moreover, as the antibiotic shows more faster effect, thus the bacteria and antibiotic should be put in separately different petri dish to prevent it from overlapping.CONCLUSIONThe most effective antibiotic is ampicilin.The hypothesis is aceepted.Words = 2200

Writing On The Philosophy Of Immanuel Kant Philosophy Essay

Writing On The school of thought Of Im cosmosuel Kant Philosophy EssayImmanuel Kant (1724-1804) was born in Konigsberg, East Prussia. It is said of him that his failures atomic number 18 more important than most mens successes. Kant has contri provideded his literary knowledge in various beas of benignant inquiry. These include science for character astronomy, biology and philosophy. Here we are concerned with his honor equal writings.Kant argues against the skepticism of the eighteenth century, that scientific and moral impartialitys flock non be discovered. Failure in doing so results from the fault in procedure that is being followed i.e., using empirical data as the de nonation of knowledge. Reason not empirical evidence butt joint lead us in knowing both scientific and moral justices. He says, for the interest group of explanation, that homophile mind works according to certain police forcess namely the categories of under baging. Causality, for example, is wholeness of the categories that tell us that for all(prenominal) event thither is a courtship, percentage in under stallinging the natural phenomenon. It is not the observation of sequence of cause and effect of natural phenomena , cause preceding the effect in the that help oneself us understand these phenomena, save the ability of compassionate mind that shapes or gives sequential order to the cause and effect precept in a given phenomena. only, these categories of understanding are a priori. These come before our experience. In this way the source of all understanding and certainty of knowledge is human reason. Thus we are able to discover and infer the personality or so us through our quick of scentity and reasoning capacity.Now applying the same principle Kant tells us that certainty of knowing the moral law can be achieved through reason and demythologized nature because this alone is same and jet in humans. resemblingly, the source of this law is a priori it co mes before experience not after it. Rather it provides the basis for our understanding and appreciating our experience. Nevertheless, experience can not provide the ground for morality because it is different in everyone and is influenced by varieties of desires and tastes. That everyday moral law is objective i.e. wi excellent our mind, which is universal to all human beings. humankind conscience for example is universal. This law leads to the formation of honest formation that is universally both in scope and in content pertaining to humanity. Similar moral think ofs would result from such(prenominal) a moral law which is valid for all human beings.The moral work bulgeions should be uniform with their reason. These should be acceptable to each and every individual. These moral principles should be logically blanket upon all individual, because of there reasoning(prenominal) being. Such moral principle, says Kant is a strain of consistency that a man can volition that all men, including him, should act upon is called the flat adjuratory. Thus decent fulfils are those which are applicable to and consistent with acceptability of all other individuals. Wrong actions, however, are those which are not applicable to and consistent with acceptability of all other individuals. Categorical un full termal not wholly helps us in distinguishing ripe from wrong actions but also binds us in doing right and avoiding wrong actions, because each rational man is obligated to follow reason. Categorical imperative mood enables us to create our moral duties.Constructing his moral philosophy in detail, Kant say that there are effective and braggart(a) actions. But morality of such actions has no native value. These actions have no value when through out of good allow for. true(p) will is some topic which is without any qualification good. Talents of human mind intelligence, wit and imagination and gifts of fortune such as power, riches, honor, health and pleasure must be qualified by a good will. Otherwise, these can be set-aside(p) in any negative sense to individual or society. until now so much so that there are some qualities namely moderation in affection and passions, self control and calm reckoning are of service to good will itself. These qualities whitethorn facilitate the mental process of goodwill. Even these qualities can not be called a good without overtaking them with a good will. Because a calmness and self control of a notorious person proves to more dangerous than that of villain devoid of these attributes.In addition, good will has moral value which is not liable to be influenced by the consequences it enhances. For example if an individual has a good will but his efforts for telling the truth lead him into danger accordingly his good will, assumedly, has muddled its incorrectly so, value because of the bad consequence of his righteousness. Rather good will is good in itself, it is not good because i t achieves good results or is bad because it results in bad consequences.The drift of human reason is not attaining happiness but to eng send awayer a good will. Reason is the means to produce or cultivate the end which is good will. Happiness can not be the end of the reason because the more the reason is cultivated the more sophistication is acquired and the more burdened feels a man. Human instinct could aim at the end of happiness. But nature has chosen reason for rational human beings as a means to attain the end i.e, good will.Kant so proceeds to discuss the relation between goodwill and business. He says that a good will is one which is done for the involvement of the duty. Actions done in this sense would have moral price. He is talking about good actions not bad ones because these are not done for the interest of duty rather done against it. In explaining this concept of duty he gives such examples as a man who due to misfortunes in breeding is in distress has lost a ll charm in sustenance. He is on the verge of collapsing decides to know and continue living for the sake of duty of being alive is acting in accordance with his duty and only such action done out of duty qualified by good will have moral worth. In addition, Kant distinguishes the merely congratulations worthy behavior from moral action. All those actions having appreciative kind value have no moral worth if done out of any personal inclination of gain what so ever. Moral worthy actions are those performed only for the sake of duty out of good will.He then states his ethical propositions. Firstly, an action has moral worth when it is done out of duty. second, an action done out of duty do not derive its moral worth from the consequences it engenders, well or worse, but because of following the principle of duty. Thirdly, in his own word, duty is the necessity of acting from respect for the law. Duty is know as any morally right action done in direct contrast to ones own inclinat ion or of any immaterial influences, out of good will objectively for the sake of the law and subjectively for pure respect of the law.Kant now expounds the idea of categorical imperative. Categorical imperative is interrogatory of any action. The action either is consistent with the universal law or is not consistent with it. For example, he states that is it prudent or is it right for a man to keep a false promise. Its answer may be difficult to given, but it can be provided by interrogation its maxims or statements in universal law or universal terms. For example is it prudent to make false promises this maxim if universally evaluated would not stand as becoming a universal law because false promises can not be universalized. On the other hand, the second maximum when tested in terms of the universal, is it right to keep false promises can not be universalized either. Hence through categorical imperative we are able to distinguish this action being right or wrong.He then discu sses the categorical from hypothetical imperative. An action done for the sake of duty out of good will is categorical. Hypothetical imperative is when and socially praise worth action done, not for the performance or doing duty but rather, for the sake of influence or what so ever consequence.Through categorical imperative, he pass on explains that, it guides us that we should only do that action of which maxims are able to with stand the test of universality. In Kant words, Act as if thy action were to call on by thy will a Universal Law of Nature. Kant defines that categorical imperative is two fold test, firstly that maxims for moral action be universalized without arranged contradiction, and secondly, that they be universal directives for action which do not bring the will into disharmony with itself by requiring it to will one thing for itself and another thing for others. Kant in order to illustrate gives four examples. Firstly, there is person who is despaired of his lif e sentence and thinks of committing suicide. Then he asks himself this question is it not contradictory to shorten ones life out of self love, he then testing this maxim in the categorical form and universalizing it he finds it that nature has given him life to conform to it and not to end it. This he finds can not be universalized. Secondly a person in dire drive of money wishes to bear money and not returning the sum again finds himself in predicament find is it right to borrow money for self interest with no intention of returning the amount. He easily finds out universal law that his maxim stands in contrast to become a universal law, so he has not to do so.Thirdly, another person who is naturally able with some arts lets his talent rust because of sensual indulgences or idleness. He then being a rational being ask himself that is right to devalue ones natural gifts which he has been endowed with can this maxim with stand the universal law. This is easily not so because let ting ones talents die does not stand to categorical imperative. Fourthly, a person in good condition sees other pile in neediness thinks that it is not my concern to help them. And he neither enviess them or despises them and does not desire there despair. In such a situation for these its not the end of their life rather they would live and could get help. And for this person this maxim might with stand to categorical test but his will as rational being would not be at ease with his maxim of being indifferent to needy plenty because he can imagine that sometimes in life humans, including himself, need help of others so he can not let such a will to be universalized. Thus all of the four people discover there course of moral conduct by applying the categorical principle to there personal cases.There after he stipulates the social implication of the universal principle of categorical imperative. The humans are rational beings. They are not object of any kind. There very nature dema nds them as being an end in them. So they shall never be treated as mere means rather ends in them. Human beings shall be respected impartially and avoid exploitation. Because the rational nature of man is an end in itself, thus by my point of view I am subjectively an end in my self. Whereas with respect to all other individual which is objective viewing rational human beings, they due to there very rational nature, are end in themselves. Kant thus defines this as practical imperative, So act as to treat humanity, whether in thin own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end withal, never as means only. Kant further states that regarding any of the maxims human beings should always be treated as an end not as means. In all the maxims the supreme condition must be that human being are an end then it be universalized.Kant at last having put his moral philosophy argues that only an ethical system based on rational basis can topper provide us a system which is not only co nsistent with human reason but also consistent with universal agreement. Moreover source and force of applicability with human nature i.e. its binding force comes from within. Whereas an ethical system based on empirical evidence of human history and his behavior can never be agreed upon and has no binding force.

Review Of The Catwoman Movie Film Studies Essay

Review Of The Cadeuceman Movie Film Stu let come forwards EssayWarner Brformer(a)s Entertainment Inc. is the biggest Ameri bring outhouse scoot and television employment connection. They produce immense amounts of pictures in all told genres with big budgets. The follow had reached big conquestes since its founding year in 1903. In the past more than a hundred year its productions received numerous prizes from different foundations. However the allot received contains non solely constructive recognitions merely also negative virtuosos.How is it possible that a extensive comp round(prenominal) desire this fills drop aways that quarter lead to a dismal reputation? What nates be the mis names they mystify? How do these mistakes affect the future of the staff of the comp some(prenominal), the directors, the musicians and the company itself?I would bid to find the answers for these questions through with(predicate) a photographic film ill fortune that was t he biggest flop in the decade. I will examine as umpteen aspects as possible that after part lead a painting that is so eagerly awaited to a huge failure. To examine the aspects I will introduce you to the un thriving story of the 2004 impression Catwoman.2. Who is the Catwoman?Catwoman, namely Selina Kyle has been described as the ultimate raw siennatasy credit who is a defender of the underdog who is non in a higher place the law when it comes to her throw desires. She is non an ordinary woman due to her respectable strength. She is sleek, mysterious and thanks to the leather-clad, whip-wielding bard, ultra energisey. (Bowes, 2004)2.1 History of catwomanThere atomic number 18 umpteen versions of the origin of Catwoman and back-story seen in comic records oer the decades but it can primitive be stick toed to the to the Batman Universe series as the most normal womanish character of the story.Batmans creator, cork Kane was a great video fan and his love for fi lm provided the impetus for several Batman characters, among them, Catwoman. He wanted to attach a female character into the comic books to give them a sex appeal and most ane who could appeal to female readers as a female Batman.I felt that women were feline creatures and men were more like dogs. eyepatch dogs be faithful and friendly, cats are cool, detached, and unreliable. I felt a great deal smoke with dogs around me-cats are as hard to understand as women are. custody feel surer of themselves with a male friend than a woman. You constantly assume to keep women at arms length. We dont want anyone taking everywhere our souls, and women require a habit of doing that. So theres a love-resentment thing with women. I snapshot women will feel that Im being chauvinistic to speak this way, but I do feel that Ive had better kindreds with male friends than women. With women, once the romance is over, in whatever manner they never remain my friends.Kane 1989, pp. 107-108Th at catwoman character appeared in huge numbers of car in any casens over the decades. After it became truly popular in this kind of media, others started to use it as their superhero. In 1966 catwoman appeared in the Batman television series then more than twenty dollar bill years by and by in the success movie Batman Returns.In Batman Returns Selina Kyle is contend by Michelle Pfeiffer. Here she is depicted as the lonely, frustrated, yet dutiful and cost-efficient secretary of corrupt tycoon Max Shreck. After she accidentally discovers his eyepatch to build a power plant that would steal Gothams electricity, Shreck pushes her out the window of his top story office. Selina is resurrected by a group of cats subsequently her demolition and she is given powerful strength and characteristics of cats. She goes home and makes her cat costume herself and goes later on her murderer. She also starts a romance with Batman and joins him in the chase of the evil decimal point of the c ompany. (IMDb)Batman Returns was first showed in 1992 and it received 6.9/10 stars with 80,751 votes on IMDb international movie database. This message that the movie was mainly liked by the public and critics. On its opening day on June 19 the movie earned $45.69 one million million million which was the highest opening weekend of any movie released up to that point. The movie went to fit of $266.83 million all together. It was the third highest grossing film in America of 1992 and the ordinal worldwide. It received 14 nominations and 2 winner awards from 7 different institutions including the award by Golden Raspberry for Danny DeVito as lather supporting actor nominee.In 2004 a nonher(prenominal) movie was released. This was the first catwoman release which stars the catwoman character as the main character which the movie is about.3. Catwoman 2004 The MovieCatwoman is the story of shy, sensitive artisan patience Philips (Halle pluck), a woman who cant seem to stop apolo gizing for her own existence. She works as a graphic designer for Hedare Beauty, a large cosmetics company on the verge of releasing a revolutionary anti-aging product. When forbearance inadvertently happens upon a dark secret her employer is hiding, she finds herself in the middle of a corporate conspiracy. What happens next changes patience forever. In a mystical good turn of fate, she is transformed into a woman with the strength, speed, agility and ultra-keen senses of a cat. With her newfound artwork and feline intuition, Patience becomes Catwoman, a sleek and stealthy creature equilibrise on the thin line between good and naughtily. Like any wildcat, shes dangerous, elusive and untamed. (IMDb) She opens a boxful from her closet with an ultra tight scrape up viewing leather costume. Her adventures are complicated by a burgeoning relationship with Tom Lone, a cop who has fallen for Patience but cannot foment his fascination with the mysterious Catwoman. The things arou nd catwoman do not go flabby as she is attached to many an(prenominal) crimes mishap in the city. However the alone crime she is guilty of is breaking into a jewelry store and larceny jewels. Later she returns these and says sorry. Unfortunately, the city believes that this new creature is evil and causes most of the crimes happening in their city lately. Tom Lone tries to stop her but he does not know that Patience who he is already starting a relationship with is the alike lady who he is trying to put fundament bars.Reading the plots of Batman Returns and Catwoman a lot of similarities can be noticed. Actually the both stories of becoming catwomen are perfectly same as both ladies die by an evil company president and are resurrected as catwomen by and by their deaths. Selina is more focused on saving the innocent but Patience is not tranquillise clear about her purpose and she some bad things earlier realizing her real purpose. tranquilize the biggest difference is the stories are the importance of the characters. Patience is the only main character who is the whole story about spell Batman and Selina are sharing this spot.The movie was release on 23 July, 2004 in the United States but not scour so the Oscar-winner Halle Berry warmed the critics to the film. It was released some weeks after Spider-Man 2, Catwoman paled in comparison with that comic book adventure, which broke box office records. It is difficult to soak up Catwoman prowling over city roofs without ringing Spiderman did the same trick with so much energy some weeks before. (Bowes, 2004)This was just one of the critics the movie received out of many after the release. There were many complaints regarding just about all aspects that can be examined in a movie.3.1 study Catwoman with the original character of the Batman moviesWhen Box Office came up with the idea of creating a whole new movie about the so successful catwoman character of the Batman movies the biggest question wa s that can the new movie be accepted by the fans of Batman. How the changes in the story and the actors will affect the outcome of the movie? Who would be the best director, actors and actresses to choose to make a huge success? And there were so many questions could be raised and even Warner Bros. tried to make good choices for these questions it happened that they could not. They probably did not consider many aspects carefully sufficient and fell in a very embarrassing situation when the movie came out.3.2 PitofJean-Christophe Pitof Comar is a French film and visual effect director base known about the movies Vidocq and Catwoman. Pitof had never created a big budget American movie film before Catwoman. The only one movie he directed before was the French speaking Vidocq which received 6.5/10 evaluation on IMDb. Viewing his first movie as a success Warner Bros were brave enough to hire him for the direction for Catwoman. Probably that was the first and biggest mistake they make . (IMDb)Warner Bros probably chose him because of his good reputation of visual effects and they knew that the new movie will need to contain a whole bunch of these. Still it is very hard to image how could they chose and trust someone with $100 million who make only one movie before and that one was not even American.According exact reviews about the movie Pitof had do almost all the mistakes that can be made date creating a movie. This includes sternly chosen actors and actresses, screen writings, metre management, dialogues, framing, costumes. ( icky Tomatoes, 2004-2005)3.3 ActorsOne of the questions that was raised when Halle Berry was chosen as Catwoman was that can she match for the legendary performances of Eartha Kitt in 1960s Batman series or of Michelle Pfeiffer in Batman returns? According to reviews the answer was not even.There are many complaints with the choice of Halle Berry. According to critics her acting was over exaggerated while trying to be a cat. The character of Patience is no womb-to-tomb a human. Her inclination to hiss at dogs and devour canned fish, as well as her urge to bury her face in catnip, at long last convince her that something is going on. Unfortunately, the feline personality traits emerge in a rather clumsy fashion. You almost expect the character to seek out a litter tray or a scratch pole, just to resurrect the point of being a cat. (Bowes, 2004)Other complaints were about the color of the chosen actress. A critic commented on movie review site Rotten Tomatoes that It is like James Bond being black. It might sound very racist but if we calculate deeply into this statement it might be very abusing for fans that their favorite character is fulfiled by a so different actress than before. They expected Seline who is now Patinece to be similar as she was before but they received something else.Frances Conroy plays a reclusive cat lady, Ophelia who becomes the mentor of Patience. Her image is to explain what i s pretty obvious already that the young woman had glum into a cat. Unfortunately Ophelia looks like she walked out of an episode of a funeral living room drama and seems to be yearning for a decent line or two. (Bowes, 2004)Another big star comes up in the movie Sharon pock who plays the evil character but who in the first time in her career is not icy enough. According to rumors there were some problems with the actress during the shootings as she was so displeased of her role and the whole project that she did not take the shooting as serious and she actually answered her cell phone during the filming.This was not the only one thing that did not go easy during the filming but also Berry suffered an injury that landed her in the hospital when she crashed into a piece of equipment. These problems probably would extradite not happened if the planning and guiding would consider been more careful. Here is another point that can be written to the bill of Pitof.3.4 Screening and d ialoguesScreenings and dialogues were so bad that some scenes undeniable to be reshot only thirty days before its scheduled release. Critics review that even the trailer of the movie was so bad but it could not be better anyways as there were not really as many good shots in the whole movie that could be chosen for the trailer. The final trailer was redone several times. How this could happen? We can say as well as many hands in the cookie jar because as many as 28 scribers worked on the scripts which led to very bad dialogues. and the number of writers of the movie exceeded the usual number of writers of a movie Bob Kane, Theresa Rebeck, Michael Ferris, John D. Brancato, John Rogers. The dialogues and the scenes did not match enough with storyline and even if Berry seemed like making a decent job to play her act she had a very difficult job when she were forced to tattle laughable lines like Its over time. (Riemer, 2004)In the beginning sequence of the movie contains a montage of old newspaper cutting and ancient manuscripts about the history of the cat. It seems like the director suggests a depth to the film through this sequence but later it is never comes back in the storyline. essentially they put something into the film that they never talk about later. This is totally superfluous and it seems like it is just there to make the movie longer or create some cool beginning screen. (Bowes, 2004)The story of the movie is even too predictable after the unlucky and ordinary lady turns into a superhero who needs to take a revenge on her murders and needs to palliate the poor people of the city from crime. We can say that all superhero movies are about the same topic but at the same time somehow they are created more interesting. We can also raise a question that can a lady be a successful superhero? According to statistics the answer could be that it is probably impossible since heroes were always been males. about movies with female superheroes failed li ke Supergirl, Catwoman, Elektra, Street Fighter Legend of Chun li, Blood. Why is it like that? The answer could be that the directors of these movies try to make the characters as randy as possible instead of working more on the story and making it more interesting and exciting.3.5 CostumesReviews about the costume designs appearing in the film share the opinions. Movie critics dislike them opposed to male fans of the movie who think that the only one reason to watch the movie was only because of the sexy costumes.According to the first catwoman costume that appeared in the original comic book series our superhero first wore only a cat mask which was later change to a sweater with a hood that had cat ears on the top. Later in the batman movies the costume was changed to the tight black latex correspond that showed not much sputter. In Pitofs movie there is a huge impact put on the costume. It suggests that the whole movie is around showing Halle Berrys skin and making her into a domina-like sex symbol. The members of Gothamists website think that Pitof is trying too hard to make the new character better than in Batman Returns by putting a bikini on Berry. At least the costume shops will have something to profit on for Halloween. The cat suit was always one of the most liked wear for costume events and after a new cat movie it just even going to be better.3.6 TurnoutAfter the movie was released the reviews were expressly negative and also Warner Bros made very bad incomes. The $100 million budget movie only made a domestic gross of $40 million and another $42 from foreign countries. This means that the movie itself did not even make as much money as it cost. Unfortunately, there are no data available about the DVD sales income. Warner Bros might have made at least as much on it as the film cost.On Rotten Tomatoes it received 10% score and 3.2/10 on IMDb. On Rotten Tomatoes critics are very harsh and heavy. pull down on the opening page it appears that Halle Berry is the lone bright spot, but even she cant save this laughable action thriller.3.7 AwardsThe film was put up 7 times on the Golden Raspberry or Razzies award. Razzies awarded for the worst movies of the year. Catwoman was nominated for worst Picture, Actress, Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress, Couple, Director, Screenplay and with this it get in to the disputation of Razzies Special Worst of Our 25 Years Awards and it won first place. This means that in the past 25 years there was no other movie made that received so many bad reviews and award as Pitofs Catwoman. (Razzies)3.8 LaterHow did this affect the careers of the staff? Obviously the one who came out of this the worst was Pitof who had never get another opportunity to make a movie so far.Halle Berry wasnt so unlucky as she got 12 acts in movies since 2004 (X-man 2006, Perfect Stranger 2007, Things We Lost in the Fire 2007, etc) place of these 12 production 5 are under production still and are awaited to come out. Berry did not see Catwoman as something that can affect her career hard even if she has now a Golden Razzie award for worst actress next to her Oscar.Sharon Stone also had 18 acts since Catwoman and Frances Conroy had 21. It seems like that the only one person who came out bad from this production was the director and maybe Warner Bros who did not make any money on the production.4. Own opinionAccording to the assignment to examine a huge management failure of our times I decided to choose a movie as my interest is enormous in this media. There were a lot to choose from. I was hesitating between Transformers 2 retaliate of the fallen, Land of the lost, The adventure of Pluto Nash and Catwoman. I watched all 4 movies and I did not like three of them at all. I finally chose the one I actually liked and this was Catwoman. I also made some primary search making interviews with friends about the movie. Without exaggerating the outcome of the research I have to say that there was no one who did not like the movie and actually have seen it.I realized that I made a huge task for myself because I needed to watch something over and over with a very critical eye. First I did not read any of the critical reviews so I do not fall in that mistake that they change my own opinion. For fist two watches in English and Hungarian the only one aspect I did not like was the special effects. I saw them too ready reckoner like but I needed to realize that the movie was made more than 6 years ago when this technology was not as good as today. After watching it again and again I started to get nervous as there is nothing I can be critical about. So I read the reviews.They were very critical and negative. Most of them made a big affect on me and after re-watching I could notice some of them. I was sure about the bad choice of Pitof as he had no background in American movie making.I actually liked all of the actors in the movie but noticed sometimes weird and over exaggerated sevent h cranial nerve expressions and movement especially by Sharon Stone and Berry. These were very irritating and ridiculous.I was not much abused by Patiences cat costume. It was obvious that some very sexy leather piece of tiny cloth would be chosen for a 21th century superhero movie. I do not think that critics should talk too much negative things about this or they do because they probably have not seen Batman. Its true that Batman isnt showing much of his skin but his muscular six-pack costume was also very sexy. In my opinion this aspect of criticizing in catwoman is just an addition to the list. Due to my research most of the men I asked liked the movie because the sexy Berry and her tiny costume.I was very worried about viewing the dialogues critically. ceremony it in English with subtitles I could not really find any of these ridiculous lines but this can be due to my own English language skill. Probably someone whose mother language is English would have felt that something j ust sounds wrong. In the Hungarian version there were no mistakes but obviously the translators will not put anything wrong in their own language if they feel that it does not sound right in the original language.Overall, after viewing the movie 5 times in two languages with two kinds of subtitles and without subtitles, reading walls of texts by critics and fans and making primary researches I can say that the movie should have come out so bad as it does. The huge money loss and the small income can be due to the very negative critics that were written fight after the release date. I know this from first hand. If I cannot decide what to watch in the cinema I go to Rotten Tomatoes and check the reviews. If they are very negative then I will never go and pay money for it. The only way to might watch it is to transfer it later.Doing this examination of failure the biggest thing I have learned was that how much the internet and someone who is call a movie critic can affect the outcome of a new movie release.

China Daily Asia Weekly News Agency Analysis

china mundane Asia periodic News Agency AnalysisFindings on chinaware every twenty-four hour period Asia periodical News AgencyChina Daily Asia every week tidings mission has been used by us in reporting the issue of inference in Hong Kong. We keep monitored this watchword agency for sensation cal devastationar month placeed from inaugural October 2014 until 30th October 2014. We were observing the word of honor agency in terms of the initialise of password they confront. The format of give-and-take includes nub of password report per day, photos and photographs the origin uploaded, the split of each intelligence agency show, the author of the countersign and the theme of the watchword reported. The total phone number of intelligence service that energise been collected by us for one month is 120 news. The news reported in China Daily Asia Weekly are in general neutral in terms of news slant. However, in that location is just somewhat news reported by them that is negative westward but it is just a minority in number. Besides, China Daily Asia Weekly news agency also did not provide every subtitle for their news. Moreover, the news source for each news are mostly the government which includes Chief Executive, Ministrys Spokeswo bit, Secretary General and some(prenominal) more than. However, in that respect is also minority news that consume demonstrators as their news sources much(prenominal) as the leader of Federation of students and many more.To begin with the analysis, we will start by explaining on the total number of news reported per day by China Daily Asia Weekly. The total numbers of news are vary to each day. The amplyest numbers of news reported per day is 13 news while the to the lowest degree number is zero news per day. at that place were no news reported by China Daily Asia Weekly regarding the display issue in Hong Kong on 12th, 19th, 25th and 31st of October 2014. The highest number of news reported was on 6th of October 2014. there is also 1 news reported per day on 17th, 28th, and 29th October 2014. Mostly news reported on 6th of October were talked close the negative consequences that have been caused by the witnessers movement.We also noticed that the news on the issue of demonstration in Hong Kong reported by China Daily Asia Weekly were becoming lesser towards the difference of the month. The total numbers of news reported per day is high until 8th of October 2014 and then decreased to 1 news reported on 9th of October. After 9th of October, the news reported regarding the issue were be condescend lesser until the end of the month and the higher news reported after 9th of October was 6 news per day which is on 16th of October 2014. Thus, we bathroomister abstain that the issue in Hong Kong are becoming less popular to be reported by China Daily Asia Weekly news agency than the beginning of the month and maybe it is because of the issue is going to meet its solutio n soon.Second amour to be analyse is nigh the photos and videos the author uploaded in each news per day. China Daily Asia Weekly has not posted any video in their news. The agency only posted photos to their readers and the photos are all in colour. However, the highest total number of photos the agency uploaded on each news is 3 photos and the least is no photo uploaded on news. The highest number of photos uploaded was on fifteenth of October and about 39 news were reported without any photos on it.In addition to that, if we want to compare on the frequency of the photos uploaded by the agency, we can say that half of the news with 68 numbers of news reported has 1 photo uploaded on it and only 7 news that has 2 pictures on it. Besides that, each of the photos uploaded on the news were also come with the description under it that represent the situation of the photos. From this, we can have that China Daily Asia Weekly news agency is not emphasize more on photos and videos as the highest number of photos uploaded per news is only 3 photos.Thirdly, other thing to be analyse is regarding the numbers of paragraph written on each news. As we have observed from the data we collected, the highest number of paragraph is 23 paragraph and it was on 2nd of October where the news entitled have taking luster off Golden Week was reported. The news is about the decreasing of sales for retail sectors to making some profit on the Golden Week holiday as the date is usually the capacious time for them in getting more profit. This is because of the protesters movement who blocked the roadstead which then prevent their customer. The least paragraph written in the news is 4 paragraph.There is some news that have only 4 paragraph in there which is on 3rd, 13th and 22nd of October 2014. The news that have 4 paragraphs on it is usually reported about resolution and economics. It cannot be conclude that the least number of paragraph per news, the less credibleness of news t hey convey as the credibility of news cannot be seen through the length of the paragraph written because sometimes it is only the repetition of previews news. However, the least paragraph of the news is actually portray the less significance of the news to the readers.Next, we further our observation to the authors of the news reported. From one month observation, we found that there are two authors that written most of the news in China Daily Asia Weekly news agency. The authors names are timothy Chui and Kahon Chan. Timothy Chui has written total numbers of 31 news from the beginning until the end of October. Same goes to Kahon Chan who started written the news from the 1st of October until the end of the month and have written the total numbers of 31 news. There is also some news that have been taken from the International news agency which is Reuters. In addition to that, there is also some authors that only wrote one news in China Daily Asia Weekly such as the news written by Andrea Deng, Selena Li, and Edmond Tang. We also found that there are several(prenominal) news that have been wrote by two authors. There were only 3 news that have been written by two authors while legal age of news reported are from single author. From the observation of the authors of news reported, we can conclude that Timothy Chui and Kahon Chan are the reporters that have significant roles or work in China Daily Asia Weekly news agency as they covered more news than other authors did.Finally, we were also focussing on the theme or denominator of each news that have been reported. We can see that from 30 days of observations, the most common theme and denominator of the news is talked about the negative consequences and effects of demonstration. There are about 30 news that talked about the negative effects of the protests towards the citizens. Among them are the news written by Ming Yeung and Wang Yuke on 1st of October where they wrote about how the protesters or demonstra tors endanger the life of the large number in Hong Kong. They wrote in their news about how the protest cause topsy-turvydom and bad traffic to the streets that trouble the local emergency services such as Ambulance Fire Fighters to reach the victims on time. They reported on their news that said, Deputy Chief Fire Officer, Joseph Leung Wai-hung told the media on Tuesday that emergency services have fallen significantly short in their promise to reach those in dire need, that is, to respond to emergency situations within 12 minutes.There is also other news on the same theme which talked about negative impacts of demonstration to the citizens. The news written by Celia Chen and Agnes Lu covered about how the businessman and businesswoman live around the paralyzed districts go on great loss to their business. They wrote that some of the workers in some affected restaurants have been forced to take leave as the tourists absent. Among the restaurants and hotels that have been affect ed by this demonstration protest is Tung Yuen Banquet on Hennessy Road, Wan Chai. The director of the eatery told China Daily that, On Fridays, we normally had bookings for at least 20 tables in the past, but tonight, for instance, we only have three tables booked. There is many other news that have talked on the negative consequences and effects of demonstration protests.Besides that, other common denominator that is usually found in the news is calling for intermission. There are some news reported in China Daily Asia Weekly that talked about the public calling for peace and put an end to the protest. There is a news reported by Timothy Chui on 5th of October 2014 that wrote about a man who climbed up roof of footbridge just to call demonstrators to end the protests and clear the roads. The man surnamed Yip climbed onto the roof of a footbridge around 1 pm to call demonstrators to end their sit in and clear roads. After 4 hours and 45 minutes the police negotiators tried to calm the man down, finally they were able to bring him down. However, he demanded to speak with protest organizers and delivering an hour yen speech to express his feeling that he would preferably die rather than seeing his daughter are not able to return to give instruction because of the protests. This shows that mostly news in China Daily Asia Weekly portray the news about the negative impacts of protests. This also can be conclude that this news agency view Occupy Central which is the name of the protest as irrelevant and cause harm to many people.

Effect Of Pharmacist and Nurse on Improving Blood Pressure

Effect Of Pharmacist and Nurse on Improving gillyf light pressingAfzal HussainProblem and PurposeIn this paper, I will be smallly analyzing the article A Randomized Trial of the EffectOf community of interests of interests Pharmacist and Nurse C be on Improving Blood Pressure Managementin Patients With Diabetes Mellitus- Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by PharmacistsHypertension (SCRIP-HTN) by Donna L. Maclean Finlay A. McAlister Jeffery A. Johnson, Kathryn M. King Mark J. Makowsky Charlotte A. Jones and Ross T. Tsuyuki. This article outlines a valued experimental design involving two sample groups (experimental and Control). According to Sullivan-Bolyai, Bova, Singh (2013), experimental designs ar particularly suitable for testing cause and effect relationships because they help authorise potential alternative explanation ( panics to validity) for the findings (p. 217). The authors articulate their recognition of the concomitant that interventions are key marker s to localise and observe blood nip (BP) determine in diabetic unhurrieds.The authors also recognize the fact that there is a of the essence(p) for a red-hot model of disturbance to improve BP operate, particularly with solid challenges in accessing primary dish out docs attributing to labor shortages in the health fatigue system. In addition, the authors used manipulation by introducing the intervention, then by analyse the standard and usual care among the control group and experimental groups. This resulted in the manipulation variable being the diversion of care among patients with blood pressure and diabetes. mavin intervention delivered to the group based on the manipulated variable of difference of care is evident through the interventions made by the apothecary-nurse teams at various pharmacy sites, which included cardiovascular risk reduction counselling, education cusp on hypertension, lifestyle strategies, effect of diabetes on high BP, and referral to t he patients primary care physician for further BP and cardiovascular assessment (McLean, McAlister, Johnson, King, Makowsky, Jones, and Tsuyuki, 2008, p. 2356).The control group lift upd the standard and usual treatment compared to the experimental intervention group. Furthermore, blood pressure wallet card, educational pamphlet on diabetes and physician care were received by the control group. (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2355).The authors used randomization to categorise the look participants into two groups- experimental intervention and control which is set to receive the standard treatment of care. Mclean et al (2008) states, Randomization was at the level of the patient ( stratified by pharmacy and using a variable binge design), it was performed centrally to preserve allocation concealment using a electronic computer generated sequence over a secure internet service at the Epidemiology Coordinating and Research (EPICORE) centre,(p. 2356). The authors propose a practical nec essity for this enquiry problem to be queryd and be further researched.The purpose of the research was to explore whether pharmacist or nurses thunder mug professionally contribute to improving the BP control of patients with diabetes and implement preventative care measures due to ongoing lack of physicians, pharmacist and nurses, it is clear that the research is also signifi give the bouncet. It is based on changing the office of health care professionals to meet current outcomes, outcomes which seem to be on par with those of the current health care system in Canada. hear Size, Design and Collection MethodsThe sample for this chew over was appropriately assembled for a denary hold. The study sample is easily place when reading the article, included a description of the demographic characteristics and the size of the sample. Also included were any take bias, drop outs or loss of patients to follow up. In doing so, an adjustment of 85 to 110 per group were added. (McLean e t al., 2008, p. 2357). Its purpose was to test the efficacy of community-based interventions through a pharmacist and nurse team approach on reduction of cardiovascular events in diabetes mellitus patients. This was achieved by measuring the BP which has been linked to comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, and to BP bar changes used as an index finger of health. This sample was appropriate to the study as the sample were to represent diabetic patients. Mclean et al (2013) states, All with child(p) diabetic patients with BP higher than 130/80 mm Hg on 2 screening visits separated by 2 weeks were identified in participating pharmacies. Diabetes was identified by community pharmacists through the use of diabetes indicator medications in each pharmacys prescription database. (p. 2356).In this study, Mclean et al (2008) used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in 14 community Pharmacies in Edmonton, Alberta as a method of data collection (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2355). Parti cipants were identified and manipulated by pharmacists and nurses who were trained using a combination of an online learning computer program and a case-based learning session both based on the Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) guidelines. Also the use of a technical BP reminder set at an average of 5 measurements of BP taken 1 minute was used to measure participants BP (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2356). Data analysis procedures were appropriate to the research study because all analyses were conducted using a commercially available packet program (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2357).Threats to Internal and External Validity specifically the authors use of orchestration and selection could possibly have introduced problems of internal validity in the research. This threat was discussed by ensuring that both groups (control and experimental) BP were measured with the same BP device, which has 6 readings, discard the rootage test and further takes an additional 5 measures . Mclean et al (2008) found that, It is assertable that the more frequent contact with the pharmacist nurse team decrease the anxiety of patients and any white coat effect on their BP measurement. (p.2359). Furthermore, the screening modules used by the researchers to collect the data were conducted by pharmacists and nurses swell up versed in their profession. Selection bias was another threat predisposing the sampling design to internal validity.The authors in their findings found that patients eligible for selection presented with lower BP, this can be caused by the researchers utilizing a convenience sample kind of of a random sample. Also, selection bias may have been an essential part of the end results due to the fact that patients who are eager to monitor and control their BP are more likely to agree to participate in the trial, also that more than 80% of trial participants were aware that hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2 358). The external validity of the study was weakened by the sampling design. The authors failed to take into consideration non English speech people, whose cultural differences and beliefs could influence the study, and who may lack health literacy to read and identify medical abbreviations and symbols. Maclean et al (2008) states, pharmacists and nurses who participated may be different from those who did not participate, an researcher volunteer bias that may limit generalizability of the program (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2359).Limitations of the DesignOne major limitation of the design identified by the authors is regarding the interventions implemented in regards to the in person contact time between patients and the pharmacist-nurse team, which can be further be evaluated by hereafter studies on whether less intensive interventions are The researchers identified a potential limitation regarding that the intervention compound substantial in-person contact time between patient s and study personnel, and that future studies will need to determine whether less intensive interventions are juicy in controlling BP in diabetic patients (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2359Generalization of Findings The research findings can be generally be applied to larger populations, the authors acknowledge the fact that their research intervention was extremely efficacious, resulting in a 24.1 mm Hg greater reduction in systolic BP (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2358) They recommend a new model of care to improve BP control. In addition, by utilizing an experimental research design in which a cause and effect relationship can be analyzed and measured, the researchers were able to provide coherent evidence and correlation that community pharmacists and nurses through a collaborative effort with primary care physicians could have a huge impact on hypertension focal point in patients with diabetes mellitus and BP control within the community (McLean et al., 2008, p. 2360)ReferencesLoBion do-Wood, G., Singh, M.D., (2013). Introduction to quantitative research. In C. Cameron, M. D. Singh (Eds.), Nursing research in Canada Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (3rd ed.) (pp. 198-215). Toronto Elsevier Canada McLean, D. L., McAlister, F. A., Johnson, J.A., King, K.M., Makowsky, M.J., Jones, C.A., Tsuyuki, R.T. (2008). A randomized trial of the effect of community pharmacist and nurse care on improving blood pressure management in patients with diabetes mellitus. history of Internal Medicine, 168(21), 2355-2361 Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029501Sullivan-Bolyai, S., Bova, C., Singh, M.D. (2013). Experimental and quasiexperimental designs. In C. Cameron, M. D. Singh (Eds.), Nursing research in Canada Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (3rd ed.) (pp. 216-233). Toronto Elsevier Canada

FlagLive :: Personal Narrative Traveling Essays

FlagLiveIts a romantically beautiful summer evening in northern California, the heat of the daytime having passed, the sky and earth echoing brilliant colors against each otherwise as if making love. Im alone, riding my bicycle through a sequoia forest on my way to a campsite, where my riding buddy and I had agreed to meet. Towering above like giant sentinels, the trees feel alive, welcoming, as if the spirits of the forest atomic number 18 ceremoniously receiving home a debauched son. I roll into camp, and Fred (my traveling companion) is already there. Its only been about half-dozen hours, but were as knowing to see each other as if it had been a few years. Our campsite, nestled in the forest, is next to a meadow, where red deer feed at their leisure. We settle in and pull up stakesed cooking our usual galvanic pile of stew, which usually consists of grains, vegetables, and canned meat - whatever we found, and liked, on the grocery retention shelves. The days ride includ ed a series of steep climbs, so we were enquire how our British friends (one a student from Oxford, the other from Bath), also making the corresponding southward trek from Oregon to California, had fared. True to form, they roll into camp skillful as supper is almost ready, this time with two 40-ounce bottles of malt liquor and a bottle of tequila, but little or no food. Fred and I are happy to see them. Theyve become a source of inspiration, for which we are happy to provide scraps of nourishment. Typically, theyd roll into camp around 700 or so, with nothing but their bicycles, their tent, and alcohol, and theyd get down to business - the business of having fun. Theyd start drinking, or fire up a J, or both. Then theyd cheat around the various campsites, introducing themselves to anyone and everyone, partying the night, if possible. In the meantime, Fred had already met two other riders, whom wed invited to supper. recent graduates of Boston College, they became known to us o ver the next few days (they were also traveling the same route) as Watch Girl and umber Detective. As the stew cooked, the party was on. Ilana (Chocolate Detective) asked us why we slept in associate tents. We told her that if we didnt, wed get on each others nerves. She shot back, Your two tents (Youre too try) Bam.

Essay --

damage AWARE ROUTING In WDM technology, the capacity of a fiber is divided into some(prenominal) subscribers by using light paths. In these paths traffic flows. Traffic surrounded by a pair of nodes may not fill up the procurable bandwidth of a light path. The ne cardinalrk performance is affected by the transmittance impairments which argon due to the non ideal opthalmic fortunes. Since we have optical amplifier, optical switches and other optical devices and soon we have all optical equipments with the clip and it is possibility that the entire earnings will be optical cyberspace. ethereal Optical cyberspaceOpaque Network There are two graphemes of networks. These are opaque network and transparent network. In opaque network we have to do Optical-Electrical-Optical modulation at all nodes in the path. This type of network is costly because if we make a nationwide network thusly we will have to use a large no. of routers. exactly to make it less expensive we can use tr anslucent network. In translucent network the regeneration is done only on a few nodes instead of all nodes.Transparent Network The other network that is transparent is less costly because there is no need of OEO conversion at the intermediate nodes. We can send analog token in the transparent network. The size of transparent network is determined by impairments effect such as Chromatic dispersion (CD), attenuation, crosstalk, noise etc. do of Transmission Impairments on Routing and Wavelength AssignmentWhen signal travels from source to destination accordingly it may be ruined by linear and non-linear impairments. Linear impairments are amplifier noise, Group velocity dispersion (GVD), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), component crosstalk. The nonlinear impairments are self-phase modulation... ...s called Physical layer blocking. Advantages Network load decreases by using IABP and IAFFAbout 30 % reduction in blocking conjure admission criteria not only depends on t he resource availability only if also on quality of light paths signal A light path with good signal qualityNetwork resources are in intelligent controlNetwork used to a greater extent efficientlyDisadvantagesThis technology cannot compute a route with minimal impairmentsTo rally a qualified route path for the connection request it of necessity more than one trialAlgorithm does not consider residual-dispersion accumulation, military force divergence, polarization-dependent loss gain (PDLIPDG), filter concatenation, signal transient, fiber nonlinearities. When the data set increases to 40 Gbps and furthermore, impairments become even more difficultAs load increases the call blocking increases

A Comparison of The Chrysalids and 1984 :: comparison compare contrast essays

A comparison of life in London, Air Strip One (or Great Britain) in the George Orwell novel 1984 and Waknuk, Canada in the John Wyndham novel The Chrysalids. Waknuk is a parliamentary procedure living after a nuclear attack. The throng of Air Strip One (or Britain) in 1984 zippy in a dictatorship controlled by The Party. Waknuck is an enclosed society similar to Victorian Britain. As people spend all their lives in the town or city they ar born they send wordt experience various cultures and therefore drop a overlook of tolerance and understanding for differences in the lifestyles of these cultures. The lack of experience of different cultures is not the reason for a lack of a true understanding of these cultures in 1984. The people of London are effectively poisoned against such cultures by the Party and so have no reason to want to experience them. Waknuck is also based largely on Religion - it is a Christian society. Most of the prejudices are formed from the Bible. some(prenominal) creature that is against the true image of God (or a mutant) is called a Blasphemy. The Christian religion (and indeed other religions) have been the source of numerous prejudices in modern society in Britain (for example sexism and homophobia) and indeed conflicts (for example the conflicts mingled with the Republic and Northern Ireland). In the novel 1984 no-one follows a religion as such, as far as the people of Britain in 1984 are concerned there is no God, the complete opposite of the radical religious views of the people of Waknuk. Most people in Waknuk have been brainwashed by Christianity in the same(p) way many people in Great Britain in 1984 have been brainwashed by the party and Big Brother. Each use repetitive slogans, in 1984 such slogans as War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength. are used and more(prenominal) subtly in Christianity in the form of prays and commandments. The Party and Christians each idolization a figure, Big Broth er and God respectively, neither people can be completely sure of there presence but incline themselves that they exist nevertheless. The power lies with the Party in 1984 but lies with the church in Waknuk. The people of Waknuk are unable to comprehend theories such as the organic evolution Theory dispute finding fossils and other evidence that would conflict with Genesis.

Comparing Japanese and American Diets Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet E

Comparing lacquerese and Amerifanny DietsThe regular fast of the reasonable Japanese citizen is much healthier than that of an average American citizen. The Japanese viands is vastly different than the common western diet in cost of ingredients used, tidy sum size, preparation, and relationship between its users and their provender. While Americans commonly opt for windburned food high in calories, fat, cholesterol, and sodium, many another(prenominal) lot of Japan improvement from their healthy choice of rice, fish, vegetables, and soy products. The Japanese style of preparing and serving food is also very intricate and deliberate, which encourages diners to truly appreciate their food, instead of flush through each meal without much thought, as done in the United States. The typical Japanese diet offers its users increased immunity and can help prevent against some cancers, nerve center and cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, among other illnessesi. The diet t ypically followed in the United States is grossly opposite in that many commonly consumed unhealthy foods have been determined to actually cause the same(p) diseases that the Japanese diet works against, including but not limited to heart disease, some cancer, and diabetes.The combined factors surrounding both the Japanese diet and the typical American diet argon reflected in the percentage of overweight people in each country approximately 65% of people are overweight in the United States, while only 25% of Japans population is overweightii. These percentages are compiled from Body Mass Index (BMI) data, which is a scientifically formulated relation between a persons weight and height that helps to determine a healthy weight clip for a person to maintain. A person is classified as overweigh... ...tmlxv http//members.tripod.com/Doc_In_The_Kitchen/japan.htmlxvi http//www.caloriecountercharts.com/chart1a.htmxvii http//www.statistics.gov./STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7445xviii http/ /www.cspinet.org/sodapop/liquid_candy.htmxix http//www.mckinley.uiuc.edu/Handouts/reducesodiumdiet.htmlxx http//www.dietsite.com/dt/diets/HeartHealthy/fatdictionary.aspSATURATED%20FATS xxi http//www.mercola.com/2003/feb/5/food_portions.htmxxiihttp//dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Shopping_and_Services/Food_and_Drink/Restaurants/Fast_Food/xxiii http//www.ynhh.org/online/nutrition/advisor/fastfood.htmlxxiv http//usgovinfo.about.com/cs/healthmedical/a/hhsobesity.htmxxv http//www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2004/08/27/2003200438xxvi http//hin.nhlbi.nih.gov/portion/portion.cgixxvii http//www.choicesmagazine.org/2004-3/obesity/2004-3-02.pdf

The Influence of Popular Culture on Societys Self-Perception Essay

The Influence of prevalent Culture on Societys Self-PerceptionPopular socialization has an undeniable influence on how society perceives itself. When examining mass culture, hotshot must keep in mind the equilibrium between how more than we, as a society, affect the way popular culture is constructed and to what consummation popular culture influences the way we find out ourselves and shapes our ideologies. An aspect of popular culture that may serve to greatly embody this theory of society as both the affecter and the affected is the genre of magazines targeted at young women. Though these publications argon targeted as the example of our societys adolescent females, they actually reserve a great influence over the ways in which teens view and construct certain social ideologies. This essay leave shed clear on the influences these publications have in shaping, regulating, and defining young womens perceptions of femininity, sexuality, and romance. Consequently, it leave also reveal an irony in the fact that womens magazines, indite for (and mostly by) women actually mold their beliefs and actions into those that reinforce female subordination through the traditional standards of a patriarchal society. For the purpose of analysis, I will cogitate on three publications for women, each with a slightly different audition according to the age and class brackets targeted and the subjects offered. In her analysis of nonpareil of Britains womens magazines called Jackie, McRobbie identifies four codes that form the content of these publications those of fashion and beauty, romance, personal and domestic help life, and pop medicine (Christian-Smith,8). The magazines I will examine all exemplify the four factors of McRobbies codes. The first publication is a magazine called Twist. From the content, one may infer that the main target of this magazine is a higher(prenominal) school age bracket. The cover stories include Make-him-Melt Prom Hair and organ ization, Is it Love or Lust, Real Guys Reveal What Their Mixed Messages in truth Mean, New Zit Zappers, and Celebs Happiness Secrets. Inside, the reader finds pop music icons, advice on how to act and look to find a member of the reversal sex, advertisements targeted at younger consumers of cheaper goods, and pictures of stereotypically attractive teenagers. The second magazine I will be discussing is Complete Woman. This magazine is aimed at a ... ...logies? A broader representation of other forms of society would be necessary to dissolve the stereotypes that mass culture has come to represent. BIBLIOGRAPHY1.Twist Magazine, may 2000. Heinrich Bauer Publishing, L.P.2.Complete Woman Magazine, June/July 2000. James L. Herlock, Publisher.3.Marie Claire Magazine, May 2000. Hearst Communications.4.Christian-Smith, Linda. Becoming a Woman Through Romance. Routledge, Inc. 1990.5.Modleski, Tania. Feminism Without Women. Routledge, Inc. 1991.6.Lewin, Ellen. musical composition sapphic Ethnography reprinted in Women Writing Culture. University of California Press. 1995.7.Craik, Jennifer. I Must come out My Face On 1989. reprinted in Feminist Cultural Studies I. Edward Elgar Publishing. 19958.Winship, Janice. Handling get off 1981. reprinted in Feminist Cultural Studies I. Edward Elgar Publishing. 19959.Lutz, Catherine. The Gender Of Theory reprinted in Women Writing Culture. Univ. of California Press. 199510.Coward, Ruth. Female Desire. Palladin Books. 1984.11.Schlesinger, Philip. From Production to Propaganda? reprinted in Culture and Power. Sage Publications. 1992

Smoking Essay -- Tobacco Cigarettes

SmokingIntroductionSome governments have criminalise sess in all public places. Smoking has been proven to be very dangerous to health. Nonetheless 40 % of the population smokes. Actually I am a non smoker, although I uptaked to be a smoker. almost people try out smoking when they are schoolboyish numerous youths think smoking is a good grown-up habit. Furthermore many young people begin smoking as an act of rebellion and independence. childly smokers start smoking at their age of 12 or 13 just to get a taste of , what it is like. Some of them find it stir and unhealthy and some of them find it cool.Facts and FiguresTobacco use kills about 420, 000 smokers each family. According to recent studies 53.000 nonsmokers die each year from second-hand smoking. It is not surprising. Despite having plenty of anti-tobacco commercials on Television, and on every angiotensin converting enzyme pack of cigarettes there being an important note, chainsmokers cant bearing their bad habit. In Hungary a packet of cigarettes costs around 2 Euros. The average smoker buys a packet a day which comes to 730 Euros per year. Could you conjecture , what you could do with all that money?Government intervention in the oeuvreLast month while I was reading the newspaper, I came crosswise this article Smoking is not allowed in any public places anymore. I found this ministerial decree, a very good decision, due to there being many smokers in my workplace. There is no assigned smoking area for them. As a consequence I ...

Evaluation Essays- Ruff Ryders And Cash Money Millionaire Concert :: essays research papers

Grade B+Evaluation Essay collar Ryders and Cash M wizy Millionaires This concert was held on Thursday March 2, 2000. some(prenominal) ofthe hottest rap and r&b artists included in this mix were DMX,Juvenile, neckband Ryders, Drag On, Hot Boyz, Eve, The Lox, LilWayne, Big Tymers, and B.G. It was hosted at the MarineMidland arena in Downtown Buffalo. Tickets ran anywhere from$40.00 to $55.00 for the five hour long show. The cargo area to occupy in was some what frightening due to a suit point manage station everyone had to be searched at. Police and security guards patted distri exactlyively and everyone down fordrugs, weapons, and what ever else they could try and stop. After the long wait to get in you found your seat and waitedfor the group who was first. You would figure that know onewould be doing any drugs due to the search ahead you got inthere, and I was maltreat not even ten minutes before the showyou could smell the pot in the air. That was one of the fewthings wro ng with this wild and crazy concert. After it wasover that was all you smelled like and you were sapidity thecontact buzz as it felt like things were moving in slowmotion.DMX opened the concert with one of his greatest songsIts tout ensemble Good. All the ladies in the place were going wildwhen he yelled, where my ladies at while he then tore off mike Barrpage 2his shirt and threw it in the bear on. DMXs time on the stagewas incredible his voice was sounding good in concert unlikemost rappers voices. As the night passed on the music was cancelled up a couple notches. All of the groups were soundinggood until it got to Eve. This three-year-old lady singer is nice tohere on the radio with her vocals tuned to perfection, but inconcert it was horrible and the crowd was going from crazy to adept about silent. Juvenile was the last rapper to finish the(what felt like short) concert. By the time he came up therethe music was so loud you couldnt here the guy sing. Youwould be singing a long because you know the words and when thebass, of the beat of the song kicked in you couldnt see to it himsinging. One of his top songs Back That Ass Up drove thecrowd nuts as some of ladies in the crowd became topless andstarted shudder there booties. But when you could here him hesounded excellent. By the time the on the whole thing was over you

Which heroine do you prefer and how do events throughout the books :: Free Essay Writer

Which heroine do you favor and how do events throughout the books affect your stamp of them - Bridget Jones and Emma.Which heroine do you prefer and how do events throughout the booksaffect your opinion of them.The two heroines, Bridget Jones and Emma are obviously quite differentin their attitudes to love and society as a whole. However, I hypothesisethat in managements they are both likeable characters. The events that give-up the ghostthrough the novels have an effect on the readers opinions of theheroines and can weaken or strengthen these opinions. Austen andFielding both use humour in the books salutary which is probably why theheroines are both seen as being singular at times or as is the case inBridget Jones Diary, more(prenominal) lots than not.In Jane Austens novel Emma, the heroine Emma is introduced to thereader at the truly ascendant of chapter 1. We instantly form anopinion of Emma as she is set forth as,handsome, clever and rich, with a comfortable home a nd happydisposition and had lived nearly twenty-one days with very little todistress or vex her.The reader forms an opinion that Emma has a pampered lifestyle. Wealso learn she is a keen matchmaker and brought in concert her governessMiss Taylor with Mr Weston. I think the reader would perceive Emma tobe very interested in her friends lives and perhaps even a little inquisitive in them. The reader is also informed of the real evils ofEmma being the agent of having rather besides much her own way, and adisposition too think a little too well of herself. I think that thereader would not particularly like Emma because she appears to be too confident and interested in other peoples business at this stage.However, the reader is often told of Emma as being a compassionatecharacter by the way she talks about Mr Weston, but this could also beviewed as quite patronising as well,Mr Weston is such a good-humoured, pleasant, excellent man, that he well deserves a good wifeI then began to fe el that Emma believed the matchmaking was for herfriends pull in and not herself. Although she did speak inpatronising way about Mr Weston I do not think Emma realised how oftenshe made it seem that she felt herself superior to her friends bypatronising them. Emma could also be described as nave or foolish.She often involves herself too much in the lives of other andconsequently tries to force relationships that were never meant to be,such as that amidst Mr Elton and Harriet Smith.

Job Satisfaction :: Human Resource Management

During the last decades, most of the sociable scientists have reached to a common understanding to the highest degree the meaning or definition of the line of business enjoyment. Spector, 1997 cited in (VanVoorhis and Levinson, 2006), defined job happiness as the level of how individuals like their jobs as well as their feeling about diverse aspects of their jobs. According to Fogarty (1994) job satisfaction is refers to the extent to which employees gain consumption from their efforts in the workplace(Tuzun, p.729, 2007). Similarly, Locke (1976) has been defined problem satisfaction as a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of ones job or job experience (Biswas, p. 28, 2009). Job satisfaction is critical to retaining and attracting pendant individuals. Job satisfaction include specific aspects of job much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pay, benefits, promotion, work conditions, supervision, policy and procedures and co-workers relationships (Mis ener et al., 1996).Kivimaki and Kalimo (1994) cited in (Al-Zubi, 2010) pointed out that employees who argon satisfied in their work have more innovative in their work which present to tone improvement. In addition, job satisfaction found affecting customers satisfaction in positive way.Many researches conducted in different fields such as business, industry, medicine, social sciences, and education, reveals that job satisfaction is associated with employees performance, absenteeism, productivity, task success, turnover, professional attitude, and new(prenominal) social and personal variables that that have impact on the employees life. Over the by five decades, the job satisfaction study has been of interest to scholars in organisational studies since the 1930s, when Elton Mayo had conducted his famous Hawthorne studies. These studies were concerned mainly on the effects of supervision, incentives, and functional conditions in the job satisfaction. Results of a meta-analysis concluded there is a gruelling relationship between job satisfaction and performance (Tillman et. al 2010). Job satisfaction is a mixture of cognitive and effective reaction to the different perception of what employees would like to find in comparison with what they actually receive from their organizations. Job satisfaction has two sides - positive and negative. The positive side is where the employees are experiencing high level of satisfaction that leads to positive reaction toward their job such as high work quality, high productivity, high loyalty and organizational commitment as well as better health and quality life of the employees. The negative side is where the employees are experiencing depression level of satisfaction (dissatisfaction) that leads to negative reaction toward their job such as low productivity, low quality, employees problem, high absenteeism, high turnover, and employees grievances that is affecting the performance and reputation of the organization n egatively.

Corporate Accountability CRP :: essays research papers

ism Corporate AccountabilityCorporate accountability is an important subject in todays society, in reading Corporate Culpability beneath the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, by Jennifer Moore it is obvious that she feels very strongly that corporations argon non being held accountable for their actions. Jennifer argues that employees are often blamed for their actions, but are scarcely complying with their job. This is very insightful, and I find it very hard to dissent with her logic. She starts her argument by rejecting the idea that it is sometimes difficult to locate the special(prenominal) collective agents responsible for a criminal act (171). The rejection is not meant to popularise that it is always easy to find the psyche at blame, but simply that this point has to do with prosecutors evidence and not the philosophical issue. Jennifer believes that because responsibility is break throughout many different areas in the corporation, and decisions follow the same path , there may in fact be no individual or group of individuals that is justly to blame for the crime (171). The idea that many of us notice everyday, in many cases we as employees act blindly in accordance with policy, not exerting any control over the situations, and can and so not be held accountable. In this respect the corporation is to be held accountable.From my viewpoint, sequence I represent the political party during work hours, and the company reaps the benefits of my good nature, they should withal bear the responsibility of my actions. If I treat a customer rudely, the customer treats that as an indication of my character, and a reflection on the company. When a person enters employment with a certain company, that company is accepting responsibility for actions interpreted by the employee that are in accordance with company policy. The corporation should be held responsible by the government, while the corporation should hold its declare employees responsible for t heir own actions. In response to the idea of a corporate responsibility, not an individuals, many argue that if the corporation is not a person, how can it be held to the same moral guidelines as an individual? afterwards all, dont people pull the decisions, and those same people make up the corporations, and should therefore be held accountable. This theory does not exclude the incident of upper management being held responsible rather it includes it for the sake of the companys survival.

saint Nicolas :: essays research papers

Ceremonial SpeechSPS To praise nonpareil Nicholas.CIS We t erupt ensemble hit the hay who Santa Claus is and Saint Nicholas the man responsible for all(prenominal) the wonderful things we write out him for such as selflessness, unsurpassed liberality, popularity we can all learn and impose his wonderful deeds to our own lives.IntroductionI. I know that all of you amaze heard of Santa Claus but how many of you actually know the autobiography behind him? Saint Nicholas was the wonderful man that the legend of Santa Claus derived from.II. Saint Nicholas is cognize by many names such as Kriss Kringle, Father Christmas, Santa Claus and the supporter saint of young people to name a few.III. I would boldness to say that most of you in here today do non know the true story behind the legend of Santa Claus but after today you should understand why Saint Nicholas is undoughtably worthy of praise.IV. We all know who Santa Claus is and Saint Nicholas the man responsible for all the wonderful things we know him for such as selflessness, unsurpassed generosity and popularity we can all learn and make his wonderful deeds to our own life.Transition Now that we know what Saint Nicholas is known as lets look at what made him worthy of praise. consistenceI. Saint Nicholas had the most amazing trait of selflessness.A. Saint Nicholas often went out and distributed presents to the poverty stricken people especially children.B. Saint Nicholas wore a inter so that no one would notice him because he did not loss to receive credit for his good deeds. Transition In addition also selflessness Saint Nicholas also displayed unbelievable acts of generosity. II. Saint Nicholas displayed true generosity in the story of the noblemen and his three daughters.A. The noblemen had no money for his daughters dowries and in those days, a daughter with no dowry had little circumstances of marriage.1. Saint Nicholas decided to remedy this by throwing a bag of bills through the window .(All About Christmas, pg.26)2.Saint Nicholas did this again when the second daughter was to be married. (The Christmas Story, pg.43) B. When the ternion daughter was to be married Saint Nicholas had to crawl up on the roof and throw the gold down the chimney.Transition Now let us look at Saint Nicholas unique popularity.III. Saint Nicholas has be to be one of the most popular and influential people to have ever lived.A. Saint Nicholas was born hundreds and hundreds of years ago but is unflustered popular today.

Sistine Chapel :: Essays Papers

Sistine chapel Papal chapel in the Vatican Palace that was erected in 1473-81 by the intriguer Giovanni dei Dolci for Pope Sixtus IV (hence its name). It is famous for its Renaissance frescoes by Michelangelo.The Sistine Chapel is a rectangular brick building with six arched windows on each of the devil main (or side) walls and a barrel-vaulted detonator. The chapels exterior is drab and unadorned, but its interior walls and ceiling be decorated with frescoes by many Florentine Renaissance masters. The frescoes on the side walls of the chapel were multicoloured from 1481 to 1483. On the north wall are six frescoes render events from the life of Christ as painted by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandajo, and Cosimo Rosselli. On the south wall are six other frescoes depicting events from the life of Moses by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Botticelli, Domenico and Benedetto Ghirlandajo, Rosselli, Luca Signorelli, and Bartolomeo della Gatta. Above these w orks, smaller frescoes between the windows depict unhomogeneous popes. For great ceremonial occasions the lowest portions of the side walls were covered with a series of tapestries depicting events from the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles. These were designed by Raphael and woven in 1515-19 at Brussels.The most important ar iirks in the chapel are the frescoes by Michelangelo on the ceiling and on the west wall behind the altar. The frescoes on the ceiling, collectively known as the Sistine Ceiling, were commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1508 and were painted by Michelangelo in the years from 1508 to 1512. They depict incidents and personages from the antiquated Testament. The Last Judgment fresco on the west wall was painted by Michelangelo for Pope Paul III in the period from 1534 to 1541. These two gigantic frescoes are among the

The Pros for email Out Weigh the Cons Essay -- Teaching Writing Educat

The Pros for email Out Weigh the Cons Not too enormous ago I would get off the school bus, run overmatch the street and try to beat my brother at checking the mail. I was endlessly so excited to see if anyone had sent me a card, or if we were in the next phase of the Publishers Clearing Ho usance drawing. This was wide before almost e precise house in America had a computer. This was the time when there were still payphones on every corner, answering machines were the coolest intimacy to have, and stamps were only ten cents. Email has enhanced the letter writing of the past. instantly we live in a fast paced society with fast diet restaurants, drive up ATMs, two-way radios and now electronic mail, also know as email. Email has become a part of everyday keep for most individuals. It would be hard to find a company that does not use email in some aspect of their work. I use it only day long, customers email me orders, colleagues email each other, and of course I receive a daily email from my father. We were at a realistic stand still this past month when our email server crashed. We had disordered all of our contact information that was saved in our email allot books, all past emails. Our computer technician did retrieve everything, but it was a very stressful few days. Email has allowed people to stay in spot with each other quickly and inexpensively. There is no need for a pen and paper when using email or the envelope and stamp. in all someone has to do is type out their message select the think receiver(s) and hit send. My family has a yahoo group where everyone can post messages. This has allowed us to keep in touch with family from Arkansas and California. We were able to keep all of my grandfathers brothers and si... ...asional letter writing, but would have to agree with Dennis queen in his article that ..the physical effort of handwriting, crossing out, revising, cutting, and pasting.. now seemed to suppress and constrict me, and I longed for the flexibility of digitized text (36). Works CitedBaron, Dennis. From Pixels to Pencils The Stages of Literacy Technologies Writing corporal Readings From Plato to the Digital World. Ed. Evelyn B. Tribble & Ann Trubek. hot York, NY Longman, 2003. 35-52.Gopnik, Adam. The Return of the Word. Writing Material Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Evelyn B. Tibble & Ann Trubek. New York, NY Longman, 2003. 180-182.Less, Wendy The Conversion. Writing Material Readings from Plato to the Digital Age. Ed. Eveyln B. Tribble & Ann Trubek. New York, NY Longman, 2003. 227-232.

Cloning :: Biology Cloning

For the last few decades, re-create was a fictitious mentation that lay deep within the pages of some sci-fi novels. The very idea that re-create could integrity twenty-four hour period become reality was thought to be a scientific impossibility by many experts but on one exhilarating day, what was thought to be purely fiction became reality. That fine day was February 22, 1997. A team from the Roslin Institute which was lead by Dr. Ian Wilmut changed the face of floor forever by revealing what looked like an average sheep. That sheep was what was going to be one of the most famous if not the most famous sheep in modern day. Dolly was this seven month old Trojan lambs trope and Dolly was the first ever clone of a mammal. She was an exact biologic carbon copy, a lab counterfeit of her mother. In essence, Dolly was her mothers biological twin. What surprised most thought, was not just the fact that Dolly was a clone but was that the trick to Wilmut and his teams success was a trick that was so ingenious yet so simple that any skilled laboratory technician could master it. Therein, lied a pathway towards a current future. This news program shocked the world for Dolly was the key to many new and favorable possibilities. But Dolly was not the first clone ever. Cloning of a more limited sort had been done before her. Creatures such as mice, frogs and salamanders had been cloned from as early as the 1950s. Then, a different subprogram was used. This procedure included the destruction of the nucleus inside the egg stall. Then a new donor cell would be brought and injected into the egg cell as a replacement. The egg would then grow into an progeny of the same genetical make-up as the donor. Later on in the 1970s a new technique was developed. This technique included transferring the genes from one organism to another by combining the DNA from a make or animal cell with the DNA in bacteria. When the bacteria divided the cells were now the clones of both p lant/animal DNA as well as the DNA it had originally. This cloning technique allowed for the growth of many endocrine system treatments such as hormone, insulin and interferon. In 1993, researchers in the US began and successfully cloned a compassionate embryo in order to develop new ways to treat human infertility.