Essay --

The Flea Rhetoric and Poetry MinglingIn John Donnes poem, The Flea, Donne drills the egotism of the flea to contrast the insignificant size of the flea and the incredibly significant metaphor attached to the flea. The speaker of the poem is talking to a woman, trying to convince her into having sex with him outdoor(a) of marriage. This poem can be broken into three stanzas, of nine lines each, utilizes the image of the flea to convey three main ideas the first as a vessel where their pump mingles, second as the institution of marriage, and finally as an insignificant representation of honor which would have no effect on them. Donnes hyperbolic use of the flea extends through the poem as a metaphysical conceit to convey a logical argument out of something seemingly unrelated to the situation at hand. The speaker starts his argument by first mentioning that the woman has denied the speaker something. However, it is initially unclear what was denied, all that is known is that by tak ing note of this flea, and mark in this,/How little that which she deniest him is, thus paralleling how the flea, just like whatever she denies him, is inconsequential (Donne lines 1-2). This idea of insignificant things meaning much more in the grand scheme of things becomes an vestigial thread, which is sewn throughout the poem. The speaker then notes how in this flea their two bloods mingled be, alluding to an erotic mingling of their blood (Donne line 4). This symbolizes the very essence of these two intertwining and seemly one in a single vessel. The flea is a vessel that symbolizes union, in this case the physical union between the speaker and the woman through internal intercourse and the exchange of bodily fluids. It is impo... ... mean nothing in the end. Essentially his argument boils down to proving that sex with the speaker would not be shameful or sinful, and that all her fears are unfounded. Donne uses the flea throughout his poem as an essential link between sexua l conquest and union. The flea transcends its initial existence as an irritating besiege and become an existence essential to their union. It is through this representation of the flea, which allows Donne to draw the reader into an argument of carnal desire trumping propriety. The flea is essential to this argument, without which there is nothing earthing the obvious leaps of logic made by the speaker and Donne. The conceit is a popular literary device Donne uses in his poetry, and in this particular case he uses it masterfully throughout the entire poem to create a love poem that straddles the line between poetry and rhetoric.

Analysis of South of the Slot by Jack London Essay -- South of the Slo

Analysis of South of the Slot by Jack LondonThe slot is a metaphor of the class cleavage of society. There was a contrast between the North and South of the Slot in terms of building types in the North were the higher-class centers of diversion, lodging, and business and in the South were the lower-class centers of lodging, unskilled work/business. The buildings are figures of two contrasting classes that were segregated (?). In order to study the grey people (the working class) a sociology professor of the University of CA, Freddie Drummond (FD), decides to work temporarily as an unskilled laborer. Initially he experiences social problems of adaptation and acceptance by his swearing workers. For example, he doesnt understand their insistent admonitions to reduce his work pace. As a result of his fierce competition against them, by the 6th day FD double his earnings. He misunderstands their lack of loyalty to the business, and looks down on them. Being unable to convince Drummond, and as a last resort, his co-workers jumped on him and attacked him so badly that he becomes ill. Once recovered, Drummond changes job. He finds himself working as a fruit-distributor among the women and decides not to change their work conditions. In six months, Drummond works at many jobs, and succeeds in imitating a genuine worker. As FD makes tentative generalizations about the working class, he is applauded by the business people, who divulge and spread his studies to the working cl...

Earnest Hemingway Essay -- essays research papers fc

Earnest Hemingway     As one of the 20th centurys most important and influential writers. His create verballys drew heavily on his own experiences for his writing. His writing reflected his disorder with relating to women and his tendency to treat them as objects, as he had four marriages and countless affairs, highlighting his theme of alienation and disconnection. Now here is why he is what he is by writing about what he was.     Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak parking area, Illinois, to Dr. Clarence Hemingway and Grace Hall Hemingway. Oak Park was a chiefly Protestant, upper middle-class suburb of Chicago that Hemingway would later refer to as a town of wide lawns and narrow minds" (Gerogiannis 188). The second among six children, Ernest spent the get-go two years of his life dressed as a girl by his mother. She called him Ernestine and fantasized that he was the twin of his older sister, as she dressed th em both in matching dresses and gave them similar hairstyles (Rozkis 233) As he grew older, however, his sustain stepped in and insisted that Ernest be raised like a man, teaching Ernest how to behave and introducing him at a unseasoned age to hunting, fishing, and boxing, all activities in which he would stay interested for the rest of his life (Gerogiannis) It is perhaps this early start at questioning his manliness and his fathers attempts to drive any femininity out of him that instilled his characteristic obsession with proving his masculinity throughout his life.      Schlusemeyer 2     Hemingway received his schooling in the Oak Park public school system. In high school he was mediocre at sports, joining the football, swimming, basketball, and water polo teams and serving as the track team private instructor (Nelson 5). He began his journalistic career writing for the school paper, the Trapeze, where he wrote his first articles and o ften humorous pieces in the style of Ring Lardner, a popular ridiculer of the time. After graduating in the spring of 1917, against the wishes of his parents, he forwent college and took a job as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star. It is here that the seeds of his unmistakable staccato writing style were planted as he followed the rules of the Stars stylebook exactly. Use short sentences, it said. Use shor... ...Modified August, 1999. Viewed April 20,      2005. http//www.ernest.hemingway.comErnest Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois Last Modified 2004. Viewed April 21, 2005.      http//www.ehfop.orgGerogiannis, Nicholas. "Ernest Hemingway." Dictionary of literary Biography      American Authors in Paris. Vol. 4. Detroit Gale, 1982. 187-211.Meyers, Jeffrey. Hemingway A Biography. New York Harper & Row, 1985.Nelson, Raymond S. Ernest Hemingway Life, Work, and Criticism. Fredericton, N.B.,     &nb spCanada York Press, 1984.Picturing Hemingway A Writer in His Time Last Modified January, 1998. Viewed April      21, 2005. http//www.npg.si.edu/exh/hemingway/index.htm Rozkis, Laurie E. butch, Macho Man Ernest Hemingway. New York Pearson Press,      1999. The Ernest Hemingway Home & Museum Last Modified 2002. Viewed April 20, 2005.      http//www.hemingwayhome.comTimeless Hemingway. Last Modified January, 2005. Viewed April 20, 2005.      http//www.timelesshemingway.com

Interesting Person :: essays research papers

An interesting person should have lots of intrigues in his brain, and he should have a curious characteristic. So the adjective "interesting" seems to be the best word to describe me, there is no other better word. All of my old friends recognize I am a person who has lots of intrigues and happiness. In e rattling important party, I am of all time invited to be the joker. For these reasons, I believe that I am the most interesting person I know.Interesting things were not strange to me when I was young. I still remember when I in uncomplicated school, I always thought about the difference between boys and girls. The most interesting matter was that why boys and girls went to different restrooms, and what was the difference of the equipment inside restrooms. This question was always running around in my brain. Once I asked my father about it, but it might because my father grew up in a traditional Chinese family in which no one could talk about sex, his answer was " you will know when you get older" which made me frustrated. Because I was extremely interested in this matter, so once I decided to switch the male-restroom railroad card and the female-restroom card to see what would happen. The consequence was that no one knew how to use the equipment in the switched restrooms. Finally, my class instructor who blamed me for tricking classmates told me about the differences between boys and girls.Till I entered high school, I still did not change my naughty characteristic. I have a very interesting experience to share with you One time my brother drove me to school by his new Honda sports car, he drove faster by my pass on as I was going to be late. He stepped on the gas deeply and the sports car activated its V-tech function, in not more than 5 seconds, the sports car reached sixty miles per hour on the road supposed to drive thirty-five miles per hour at most. Unfortunately, we was unknowingly caught in an automated speed trap hid somewhere o n the road, and it measured our speed using radar and photographed our car. Two days later, I received a ticket for forty dollars and a photo of my brothers car. alternatively of payment, I sent the police department a photograph of forty dollars. Several days later, my brother told me that he received a strange garner from the police department that contained a ticket for a hundred dollars and a photo of handcuffs.

Confederate :: essays research papers

The issue of the Confederate flag has created one of our countries age long debates. It stems from its charge during the Civil War where it represented the Confederate states, all of which supported sla genuinely. According to many the Civil war was fought in order to end slavery in the United States, so accordingly, to those the flag represents a past of slavery that they would much rather forget. In opposition to those who feel this way about the Confederate flag, others obtain it as just a symbol of their Southern heritage whether they are ancestors of slaves, slave owners or sharecroppers their heritage is the Confederate South. The Confederate Flag should be forbid and not used as a symbol to represent a state because it has a modern association with white supremacist, presents no positive region to those of this country, and those who flaunt the flag have an attitude which is backward-looking, rejecting the diversity and dynamism of this country.(ABC News.com) The confede rate flag should be outlawed because it has a modern association with white supremacist. ashen supremacist, are not an unorganized throng of individuals rather they are a political group known for being hateful to all those who are distinguishable from them, be it by race, religion, or even thought pattern. This group of individuals also feels that they are better than others just because of their skin color. White supremacist have a very narrow minded view on life in general and any symbol that represents them often offends others. The country, which we live in, is based on equality and a symbol of a group that does not believe in equality should not be used as a sign to identify a state. The Confederate flag in essence represents a political party whose overall priority is to totally subjugate and dehumanize those different from their selves.(Newsweek) Furthermore, the confederate flag presents no positive contribution to those living in this country. Those who fly the confedera te flag are often regarded as showing support for racist principles and a hurtful past. Surely all those who fly the flag are not racist or intentionally have a desire to hurt those who they fortuitously offend, but in many cases they are perceived this way. The representation that those who fly the flag take on often does more to cause a worry than it does to unite those of this country.

Confederate :: essays research papers

The issue of the Confederate flag has created one of our countries age long debates. It stems from its presence during the Civil War where it represented the Confederate states, all of which supported slavery. tally to many the Civil war was fought in order to end slavery in the United States, so accordingly, to those the flag represents a past of slavery that they would often rather forget. In opposition to those who feel this way about the Confederate flag, others see it as just a symbol of their Southern heritage whether they atomic number 18 ancestors of slaves, slave owners or sharecroppers their heritage is the Confederate South. The Confederate Flag should be outlawed and not used as a symbol to represent a state because it has a modern association with white supremacist, presents no positive contribution to those of this country, and those who flaunt the flag have an attitude which is backward-looking, rejecting the diversity and dynamism of this country.(ABC News.com) Th e confederative flag should be outlawed because it has a modern association with white supremacist. White supremacist, are not an unorganized throng of individuals rather they are a political group known for being hateful to all those who are different from them, be it by race, religion, or even thought pattern. This group of individuals too feels that they are better than others just because of their skin color. White supremacist have a very narrow minded view on life in ecumenical and any symbol that represents them often offends others. The country, which we live in, is based on equation and a symbol of a group that does not believe in equality should not be used as a sign to identify a state. The Confederate flag in essence represents a political fellowship whose overall priority is to totally subjugate and dehumanize those different from their selves.(Newsweek) Furthermore, the confederate flag presents no positive contribution to those living in this country. Those who f ly sheet the confederate flag are often regarded as showing support for racist principles and a hurtful past. Surely all those who fly the flag are not racist or intentionally have a desire to hurt those who they fortuitously offend, but in many cases they are perceived this way. The representation that those who fly the flag take on often does more to cause a problem than it does to unite those of this country.

Globalization in Sub-Saharan Africa Essay

ABSTRACTIt is factual that globalization began before the industrial revolution was existent in the colonial period and continues to be a major influence on how governments worldwide operate. When analyzing the effects of globalization, a common controversial debate is whether globalization has maimed the society or has brought signifi crumbt benefit. The African society is employ severally by anti-globalists to defend their views. This paper explores the negative dynamics of globalization in Sub-saharan Africa e.g. undermining of state sovereignty and hastening of environmental adulteration of the continent. However, it does non suggest that globalization is entirely bad nor does it say that globalization is the precisely cause of Africas problems. It proposes roughly measures that can be considered when globalizing the African grocery so that this negative effects can be minimized.INTRODUCTIONThe nations of the world have synchronized their trading goods and services, financi al commercialises, Ideologies, innovations and cultures finished globalization. The free flow market policy adopted by realityy countries has conduct to significantly positive outcomes in the broader African region for example, creating new job ventures and advancements in technology. However, globalization has overly cast a dark shadow on some sectors of the African economy , an issue that this paper ordain put into perspective with a particular case study on the elected Republic of congo. Some proposed consequences of globalization send fored here include increased conflicts in the area, erosion of state sovereignty, unstableness in the ecosystem and income inequality. Sub-Saharan Africa is a term used to refer to all of Africa except the Northern region.Most of their economies are agricultural based and are not as stable as those in the Western world. The bonny income in sub-Saharan Africa is below the poverty line level. Nevertheless, this region enjoys a large compa rative degree advantage on raw resources in the extractive industries for example minerals and oil. The demand for these minerals can perhaps explain why immediately before the great recession in 2008,there was the 27% increase in FDI the highest ever seen(Jaja3).Foreign companies can obtain these minerals at a very low cost in some African countries and cast huge marginal benefits. Some of the avenues they use to get them are questionable as is the case with the Democratic Republic of congo.The Democratic Republic of congou (formerly congou Zaire) is a central African nation that borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its neighbouring countries include Central African Republic Southern Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Angola and Tanzania (the two are separated by Lake Tanganyika).It is the second largest nation by area with over 65 million quite a little. It was a Belgian colony and gained freedom in June 1960. DRCongo has the most variety in biodiversity in Africa and enviable amounts of rare natural resources such as diamond, copper, gold, cobalt, timber and coltan.With its resources one would expect that such a countrified would be awash with point economic developments, projects to exploit all agricultural potential and high standards of living. On the contrary, most of the civilians in DRC live in poverty and have not benefited from the cryptical well of resources they have. They are victims of years of civil war, propelled by power- hungry, conniving national leaders and part of the international community. A sneak peak into the colonial storey of DRCongo reveals that the exploitation of the minerals for self-intrests is not a recent phenomena.POLITICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DRCIn the late 1800s, King Leopold of Belgium acquired full rights of ownership of the Congo territory at the group discussion of Berlin. He governed it like private property and the area experienced some developments. However, this came at the expense of the local volume because they were treated as slaves and could not imbibe any fruits from their labour. Intense pressure from the international community on the Belgian parliament led to the reclaiming of the Congo region from the kings hands. It was renamed The Belgian Congo state from 1908.There was significant economic growth at the time merely the indigenous people were on the losing end again, exploited and enslaved. The fight for independence was won on June 1960 with Patrice Lumumba as Prime Minister and Joseph Kasavubu as president. Lumumba would later be fired and Joseph Mobutu, chief of staff of the new army, aimed to restore the relationship in the midst of the two leaders with the help of the USA and Belgium governments. In January 1961, Katanga forces and Belgian army executed Patrice. The Katanga succession ended in 1963 with the help of UN forces. There were several governments concomitantly the most notable one being that of Mobutu Sese Seko.His career as president began in 1971. He was la rgely dictatorial for example he revoked the powers of the legislature, fired the ready minister and conducted an election where he was the only candidate. Funds were mismanaged, state cooperations collapsed and the country was in debt. He renamed the country several times but officially used Congo-Zaire. Note that he had several billions of US dollars in a Swiss Bank account and still had favour with the USA government. It is believed that he stock-still had a world bank official as a personal assistant.This in turn gave him confidential information about granting aid to Zaire. (Reno 1998152) In 1994, the DRC was a refuge for the many Rwandese Hutus fleeing the Rwandan genocide. Refugee camps a few kilometers from the border with Rwanda were planning zones for attacks into Rwanda. Mobutu cheered them on. However in 1996, Rwandan led forces backed by Uganda and the The Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire, led by Laurent Kabila, advanced into Kinshasa to close down Hutu camps in Eastern DRC.As a result, Mobutus government was overthrown when he was away and Laurent Desire Kabila was declared president.Kabilas lead was no different from his predecessors. Conflict between his government and rebel groups ensued in August 1998 because Kabila saw the Rwandese rebels as threat to his government. The Ugandan group, led by Congolese warlord John Pierre Bemba, formed the Movement for the Liberation of Congo, joined the Rwandese and together they terrorized the citizens and the government .Kabila requested for military assistance from the international community but they hesitantly supported him since they did not know him enough to trust him. In 1999, the rebels and the government signed a peace accord and six other countries were witnesses. A new constitution was promulgated in May 2005 and in 2006 the first free and fair elections were held. Tension increased just before elections and the government, backed by the UN, disarmed all non- g overnmental factions to keep the nation stable. The lede of this civil war commonly equated to Africas first world war has left a trail of death, despair and pain amongst the people with over 5 million dead, several displaced, and thousands of women and children raped. It is interesting to question the ability of the rebel groups to oust governments sequentially.Could someone be financial backing them? Are there some hidden interests? The minerals in the DRC, and coltan in particular, are treasured gems in the technological era. When raw, coltan, which is composed of columbium and atomic number 73, looks like black bodge or sand. It is used to produce capacitors. Capacitors are used to conduct electrical charge in high tech equipment for example cellular phones, computers and some thou engines. The DRC has the worlds largest reserves of the mineral. Four fifths of the worlds supply of coltan is in Africa and DRC has eighty percent of it. In the late 1900s,the sales of tantalum i ncreased by three hundred percent. This time period coincided with the times of civil war in the DRC.As Dena Montague states in her article, Stolen Goods columbite-tantalite and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, international cooperations such as Banro-resources cooperation, Finconcorde and Raremet imported DRC coltan via Rwanda for use in Asia, Europe and USA.In response to UN accusations of involvement in irregular trading H.C Stark, one of the largest producers of capacitors commented that they only purchase raw materials from established companies. However, established companies were indeed involved in illegally obtaining goods from DRC. Investors restructured deals in support of Desire Kabila rather of Mobutu in 1996.This was a violation of the constitution which stated The soil and subsoil belong to the state-prospecting, exploration and exploitation requires permits from Ministry of Mines and Energy. Local militia backed by Ugandan and Rwandese forces got suppli es in form of victuals, money and military equipment in exchange for smuggled goods. The militia men took stronghold of areas with huge deposits of gold and coltan e.g. Bukavu, Lubumbashi and Mayi. Gold was exported through Uganda and into United Arab Emirates. It was difficult to trace from there.It is worth noting that between 1995 and 2006,gold was one of Ugandas main exports. Additionally, Uganda had GDP growth rate of 6% per annum in 1999 yet the average GDP in Sub-Saharan Africa was about 2.5%in the same time. These trade revenues undermined the power of the central Congolese government because the Ugandan economy gained more from D.R. Congos resources more than the DRCs economy did. The fact that the international community was in one way or another involved in change magnitude conflict in the DRC is undeniable. If the corporate investors were genuinely trading with DRC to improve the state of the country, they would have questioned the legitimacy of the DRC based enterpris es and suppliers. Another simultaneous consequence of the years of imbalance was an imbalance in the ecosystem. Wildlife products such as elephant tusks and animal skin were and are still very marketable globally.They were sold or bartered in exchange of food, ammunition and other goods. With a nation in strife, this meant that there were neither environmental regulations nor expensive wildlife products. In the 1990s, there were increased rates of elephant poaching and habitat onset in the forest areas of Kahuzi Beiga National Park. Statistics by the UN reveal that in the area of Garamba Park, north eastern DRC, 4000 out of 12000 elephants were killed between 1995 and 1999.61The area was controlled by Ugandan troops and Sudanese rebels. This created a human-animal conflict. The militia fed on wild meat when on their missions. Wild meat was also the only easily available food source for the displaced persons. Rebel leaders disarmed the guards in national parks, hence they were una ble to patrol the forested areas. Local conservationists also raised the alarm on the fall numbers of the bonobo monkeys famed for language learning abilities when in captivity and complex social behavior in the wild(Gretchen Vogel).Another result of the clash between man and animal as suggested in the article Effects of War and Civil Strife on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats, was the spread of human monkey pox and bubonic plague.The people were exposed to more diseases other than water- borne and tropical diseases. With lack of adequate healthcare and restricted movements, the peoples lives were at risk too. The flora and soil were not spared either. The people burned the vegetation and cut trees to get timber and to create room for living and farming. Due to the uncertainty they were in, it is unlikely that their methods of farming were conservative e.g. overharvesting and thus leading to soil erosion. Timber, which is a fundamental raw material for the building industry, was chea ply available to local and international traders thus they found the political place in the DRCongo very favourable to their activities. Globalization of trade and financial commodities in the world has a general pattern where most of the trade and investments are predominate by a few nations. They make policies that work to their advantage, a fact clearly outlined by Joseph E. Stilitzp in his article Globalism Discontents.Agriculture, which is the backbone of many African countries, is sometimes left out in some of the import tariff reliefs given internationally on account of globalization. Some regional agreements also motion some form of discriminatory trade towards agricultural products. Additionally, globalization has led to liquidity of funds due to free financial markets. This means that capital investments can quickly be converted to cash. African states are become vulnerable to liquidity perhaps because of several sectors of the economy that need quick monetary solutions and overreliance on foreign loans as Stiglitzp highlights.One probable outcome from this phenomena in the period of conflict in the D.R.C would be that the rich political leaders in the country became richer and richer whereas the common people sunk deeper into poverty. It is likely that the agricultural sector was neglected(and this is where the people economy was/is based)and the mining industry prioritized. Middlemen from some countries traded weapons and money, with the rebel groups and some political elite, for coltan and other minerals. It is also likely that some foreign companies were given full ownership rights of some mines after giving the leaders of the time were given some money. The Congolese will indeed find it hard to trust their leaders again. The harsh reality right now is that so many families are think on the primary needs of fending for their families so the idea of demanding for their rights is would sound unpractical.The fragility of this state can be traced to the days of state formation and the nature of subsequent governments. If the leaders who came into power prioritized the formation of a strong army and building of the nation, then we would perhaps tell a different story. This region and several others in Sub-saharan Africa have faced a humanitarian,environmental and political turmoil for too long. To avoid a repeat of the civil war situation and its consequent effects, particularized codes of conduct that promote economic and political stability should be considered in the globalization aspect. Foreign investments into Africa require strict policies and an end of the bargain that considers the welfare of the people e. g a company that wants to invest must contribute directly or indirectly towards building a hospital, school or social hall.This will be effective in ensuring that the transition between a globalized market and the previous one involves the whole society in all dimensions of life. This can only happen with governm ent system that is dedicated to building a brighter future for these great nations. The effective building of DRCongos economy will involve Congos immediate neighbors, the whole of Africa and the world. Conservationists should develop programs in war torn areas so that resource conflicts do not arise in the future. Global gatherings that address environmental issues should also prioritize the critical environmental crisis the Democratic Republic of Congo and in other areas affected by similar or even worse conditions.REFERENCESGlobalization, Culture and the Great Disruption An Assessment International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social scientific disciplines February 2012, Vol. 2, No. 2Dena Montague, Stolen Goods Coltan and Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo, SAIS Review 22.1 (2002) 103-118Joseph P. Dudley1,*, Joshua R. Ginsberg2, Andrew J. Plumptre2, John A. Hart2, Liliana C. Campos3Conservation Biology Volume pages 319329, April 2002 Effects of War and Civil Strife on Wildlife and Wildlife HabitatsAlan Cowell, Letter from Britain wish of African Dream Lets a Nightmare Prevail by The International Herald Tribune, 2 August 2006Stiglitz Joseph.Globalism DiscontentsConflict in Congo Threatens Bonobos and Rare Gorillas* Gretchen VogelScience 31 March 2000 287 (5462), 2386-2387. DOI10.1126/science.287.5462.2386Report of the UN Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2002.Reno, William. 1998. Warlord Politics and African States. Boulder, Colorado Lynne Rienner.(preface of the book)

India automobile industry Essay

Is this the worst boundary for the automobile industry that youve witnessed? The sales of petrol-fuelled cable cars have been declining month after month and it went unnoticed. However, diesel car sales started declining except since the brave six months. Sales of petrol cars have been declining for the past two years. This is certainly the worst period, I cant think of any period in recent history thats been anything like this. The correction thats happening now is of diesel-powered car sales.If you look back at the diesel car sales, it had a very rapid growth. Beginning of 2011, growth has been very high, till the end of last year. Carmakers had expanded capacity. There is now not much fondness for diesel cars with increasing fuel prices. There has been substantial cut-back in petrol car production, but the cut-back in diesel car production was seen only from last month. Analysts are talking about a huge inventory pile-up at stockyards and dealerships. Is this one of the major reasons for plant shut downs? Shut downs are happening, because there is no point producing cars which are not selling.If I have a capacity to sell 40,000 cars and the demand today in the market is for only 30,000 cars, what do I do now? I have to scale back production. I have two ways of doing it. Either I reduce production all(prenominal) day by 25% or snip on less days and produce 25% less. It is more economical to choose the second option, to work for a fewer number of days at maximum capacity. Because this will help reduce overheads such as electricity, transport, water charges, etc. Lot of money goes into these. What companies are doing is working for a fewer number of days but at maximum capacity on those days.

Short Story Analysis

Short Story Analysis In this essay, your purpose is to luxurianty explain an subdivision (theme, characterization or symbolism) in a scam fabrication of your choice. I testament provide you with examples of each element from stories by Hemingway, Updike and Vonnegut you may write about any of these references except the ones that we have discussed in class. However, you may choose to investigate an author of your own choice. Below I have listed more or less contemporary authors and story collections you may want to check out Jhumpa LahiriFlannery OConnor Raymond tender William Faulkner David Sedaris Tobias Wolff Ernest Hemingway John Updike Kurt Vonnegut Carolyn Ferrell E. Annie Proulx T. Coraghessan Boyle Melissa Bank John Edgar Wide existence Jim Ray Daniels Kevin Canty Nathan Englander Amy Tan Z. Z. Packer Thom Jones Sarah Vowell The Best of Non Required Reading Series All-Story Magazine *If you choose an author non listed above, please clear your choice with me before you begin drafting. ___________________________________________________________________ Below re definitions of the three elements that you can focus on for your analysis. Characterization the creation of the impression of imaginary persons in drama, narrative poetry, the novel, and the short story. Characterization generates plot and is revealed by actions, speech, thoughts, physical appearance, and the other characters thoughts or words about him. Theme-The idea or site of a story formulated as a generalization. In American literature, several themes are evident which reflect and define our society.The dominant ones might be innocence/experience, life/death, appearance/reality, free lead/fate, madness/sanity, love/hate, society/indivi double, known/unknown. Themes may have a single, instead of a dual nature as well. The theme of a story may be a mid-life crisis, or imagination, or the duality of hu earthkind (contradictions). Symbolism- A person, settle or object which has a convey in itself but suggests other meanings as well. Things, characters and actions can be symbols. Anything that suggests a meaning beyond the obvious.Some symbols are conventional, generally meaning the same thing to all readers. i. e white= purity, fire=passion/intensity, Spring=rebirth Short Story Analysis Requirements You will complete 2 short story analyses for this unit you will choose 2 of the 3 elements (theme, characterization or symbolism) to focus on. You may do the 3rd element for particular(a) credit. In this essay, write as if your au break downnce is not familiar with the story therefore, you may have to do some summary of the story and provide some background so that you discussion would be understandable to your audience.Here is what you will need for this essay 1. A great title of respect that alerts your reader to the content of the discussion. 2. A full introduction in which you present the title of your story, the authors full name, and your thesis about th e story. 3. A multi-paragraph body in which you explain the major element you are focusing on (theme, characterization or symbolism). 4. Strong transitions that move the reader smoothly through the discussion. 5. A wealth of evidence from the story in the form of plot summary and quotation that SHOWS what you are saying is true. . Parenthetical references to show where your quotations come from. 7. A Works Cited page showing where you found your story. 8. A suggested total length of not less than 500 words (excluding Works Cited, title, etc. ) 9. An authoritative tone that displays a thorough understanding of the story in question and the particular element be analyzed. 10. A conclusion that provides a sense of closure and leaves us with a strong thought or remark about the story or its themeWithout Politics An Analysis of Symbolism in Ernest Hemingways The Old Man at the Bridge Masterpiece. We tend to overuse that cognomen today, but Ernest Hemingways short story The Old Man at the Bridge is certainly deserving. Set during the Spanish Civil War, Hemingways tale is a masterpiece of conciseness and verbal economy, and the plight of the defenseless old globe who is without politics clearly demonstrates the authors condemnation of the senseless brutality and destructiveness of redbrick war (Hemingway 79).In this brief glimpse of war, Hemingway weaves several burning(prenominal) symbols into the story to enhance his theme and point out the tragically ironic features of wars power to destroy even the most frank creatures in its wake. The storys most obvious symbol is the link itself. The nameless old domain of the title has walked over six miles from his home in San Carlos and now finds himself exhausted at the foot of the bridge over the Ebro River. There he is met by the storyteller, a reconnoitre for the anti-fascist forces, and warned to move along. Unfortunately, the old man is too tired to journey any further.On the far side of meat of the bridge l ies Barcelona, which symbolically represents the possibility of safety and refuge. On the to the highest degree side, only certain destruction awaits as the old man was warned to evacuate his hometown because of the impending shelling by fascist artillery. In short, the bridge symbolizes the point of no return for the old man if he crosses over, he may be safe but he must give up all that he knows and loves in San Carlos if he stays, however, he will most likely share the fate of his beloved animals he cared for in San Carlos.The unseen animals are also important symbols in Hemingways story. The old man tells the narrator that he cared for two goats and a cat and then there were four pairs of pigeons (Hemingway 79). Caring for the animals is the old mans sole purpose and joy in life, and because he does not have the strength to bring them with him to safety, he has had to leave them behind. Their fate troubles him. He tells the scout, The cat, of course, will be all right. A cat ca n look out for itself, but I cannot think what will become of the others (Hemingway 79).When the narrator tries to assure him that the birds will also be fine, the old man says, Yes, certainly theyll fly. But the others. Its better not to think about the others (Hemingway 80). Of course, the animals are all that the old man is thinking of and concerned about, and their safety is more important to him than his own. Unlike the warring circumstanceions, the old man tangs compassion for those who are not equipped to survive the immense destruction about to be unleashed.Also, the different animals were able to live together peacefully with the old mans care and love, but the two benevolent armies, ironically, cannot. The significance of the old mans birds is heightened when the narrator asks the old man if he left the dove cage unlocked (Hemingway 80, my emphasis). By referring to the pigeons as doves, the narrator is alluding to the traditional symbolism of the dove as a bird of peac e and innocence. In such an environment of hatred and carnage, these symbols of peace have no place and must fly or face death.Their beauty and gentle nature are not fit for survival under such conditions, just as anyone who stands for peace will have no effect on the bloodshed to come. The narrator also points out that the story is set on Easter Sunday, a Christian holiday meant to celebrate Christ rising from the dead. The irony is apparent no one will rise from the dead, only join the dead, when the shells begin to come down down and the skies clear to allow the fascist bombers to make their runs. Easter is symbolically viewed as a highly anticipated, welcome time of rebirth, renewal, and possible change.For the old man at the foot of the bridge, this Easter brings only inevitable death and the destruction of all that is meaningful to him. Finally, he most important symbol in the story is the old man himself. His symbolic innocence is seen when he tells the narrator, I am withou t politics (Hemingway 79). The unarmed old man does not belong to either side and he has no interest in participating in the conflict. He is 76 years old and has barely enough strength to make it to the bridge he clearly poses no threat to anyone.Even so, his fate is made clear when the narrator ominously tells us that the momentary delay of the imminent bombing and the fact that cats know how to look out for themselves was all the good luck that old man would ever have (Hemingway 80). Since the Spanish Civil War was a predecessor to World War II and alerted the world to what horrors would lie ahead for innocent men, women, children, and animals all over the planet when the conflict spread, Hemingway shows us what happens to the innocent and the powerless in this new brand of total war.There is no place for sympathybeyond alerting the old man to keep moving and possibly hitch a ride to Barcelona, the narrator does not go out of his way to help the defenseless old man. Since the old man cannot help in the war, he is a hindrance, as is feeling any excessive emotion for him that might detract from performing ones military duty. The scout tries to reassure the old man that his animals will be fine, but he is not going to go retrieve them for the old man.He advises the old man to cross the bridge, but he is not going to move the old man himself. After all, he has the business of war to tend to (Hemingway 78). This is as much kindness and compassion as the innocent can expect, and it is nowhere near enough to ensure survival. In the end, Hemingway captures the inhumanity and barbaric nature of war. Ironically, he does so without a single shot being fired or one drop of blood being spilled in his tale of a nameless old man at a disregarded bridge.His symbols are carefully placed and subtly developed, allowing readers to focus on the tragic fate of the old man without being sidetracked by heavy-handed literary devices. We feel sympathy and sorrow for the old man and ultimately realize that he is a symbol of all those caught in the crossfire, those who have died and will continue to die in the wake of and the inhuman business of modern war. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man at the Bridge. The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. New York Macmillan, 1986. 78-80.

Courage in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

The book, To Kill a Mockingbird, is told from the point of view of a girl named sentinel Finch. The story is set in a predominantly white neighborhood. Scouts father is a lawyer, and the story begins when he is tasked to defend an African-American wrongly accused of raping a white woman (Lee 2002). The involvement of Atticus Finch in this eccentric person brings upon them verbal and physical abuse, such that Scout almost fought off her aggressors in school with her fists (Lee 2002). Her father, Atticus, tells her non to be provoked, to keep out of trouble, as they should not mind what other(a) populate are saying (Lee 2002).This shows what Plutarch is saying regarding courage Courage consists not in hazarding fear, but being resolutely minded in a just cause. For sure, Atticus is fearful for his strong- all toldow fored daughter and son however, he is resolute on defending Tom Robinson. Atticus courage is not about skirting fear, but seeing only the justification for taking on Tom Robinsons case. Like a horse with blinders, Atticus is rivet on the case. This is why he does not want Scout or Scouts brother Jem, to fight other people when they taunt the children regarding the case other people do not matter. As long as Atticus knows that what he is doing is right, opinions of other people should not bother him. This is what he is essay to instill upon his children.He is also trying to teach them that courage does not only come from mavens fist or the barrel of the submarine courage is being deciding to follow through with a decision whatever it takes, regarding the insurmountable challenges. This for me is one of the candidates of courage. It is important to be resolute on a decision. As people say, obstacles occur when our mind is taken off the goal.It also takes courage to keep ones eyes on the goal, to ignore the obstacles in our peripheral vision. No matter how insurmountable the challenge is, we still have to go for it, especially if we believe it to be right. Our world is shaped by people faced with impossibilities, yet they did not give up. These people caused the French Revolution, invented light bulbs, fought for womens suffrage. We all live in a better world forthwith because of them, and they did it because they had courage. Courage I feel, is also found in everyday decisions. Obviously, it takes courage to sign the document that would start the Manhattan project, but courage is also involved when one befriends a stranger too. Scout does this in the book, befriending and trying to see what the world is like for Boo Radley (Lee 2002). Other people shun him, and make up solemn stories instead, but Scout has the courage of a child not yet corrupted by the world. In the end, she realizes that he is a good person. This is a adventurous act, admitting your mistake, and accepting someone ostracized by society.Scout may not be aware of the implications of her action, but she flouted her neighborhoods notion of propriety (ju st like her dad), and reinstating the circumstance that humans are above the standards we set for ourselves. This is courage too. And I believe that this is the hardest of all to do. To fight injustices in your everyday life is not only outwear but harrowing, yet this is one area you will be able to do your most. Everyday decisions require staunchness of decision these decisions are not one-time big-time deals. You will live with the effects of these decisions for every single day of the rest of your life, and the effects will be magnified. Courage also must precede all other qualities. If one does not have the courage to do what is right, even if one has a sense of what is right and wrong, this knowledge will not be sick to use, because fear will convolute ones sense of right and wrong. Winston Churchill once said, Courage is rightly esteemed the first of human qualities because it is the quality which guarantees all others.In the book, Atticus was courageous enough to follow thr ough with his conviction that Tom Robinson is innocent (Lee 2002). He knows he will inevitably lose the case, as the jury is all-white (Lee 2002). Yet, he forges on. If he did not push through with his decision, or if he wavers, we would not have seen his other attributes a responsible and loving father, an thought neighbor, an upright man. If he had let himself be dwarfed by fear, we would not have seen the other qualities, as these have all been dwarfed by fear. There is another aspect to courage I must point out courage is not being able to not know fear while undertaking a difficult task. Courage knows this fear, even before one accepts the task, and yet goes on with it anyway.Courage, for me, knows fear, of being fully aware of the implications of your decision, and you continue because you will not forgive yourself if you did not do the right thing or if you continue so that those who come after you will not be placed in the same situation. This for me is the vegetable marro w of courage of making a decision, and acting upon it, so that other people will not have to make the same decision because you have do the world a better place to live in. Courage prefers to go out like a blaze in the night. It is, to quote Dylan Thomas, to go not gently into the night, and to rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Im Not Scared Essay

Poverty is the mother of crime. (Marcus Aurelius) Contrary to the chrome yellow of the boundless wheat fields is the darkness of pauperism in which the hamlet of Acqua Traverse is wreathed. Niccolo Am homoity consummately describes the permeative penury of the place forgotten by God and man throughout this enthralling unexampled Im non scared. The villagers do not only fall victim to meagerness, but also to the subsequent fears with which they are subdueed after committing the crime kidnapping a boy of a soused family and holding him to ransom.Fears are correspondingly intertwined with the villagers they play a tremendous role in the adults actions and motivations and become one of the primary themes of this novel. The most palpable fear of the adults in the novel is the fear of being apprehended and incarcerated as they arouse done such a sordid deed kidnapping a boy. T herefore, extreme poverty and the yearning to get out of the current life from which the kidnap springs from can be deemed as the roots of the most significant fear in Im Not Scared. In 1978 Acqua Traverse was so small that it was practically non-existent. This statement of Michele, to some extent, depicts the penury which the villagers undergo. Apart from the formidable palace of the Scardaccione family, in that respect are four drab little houses. The situation of Micheles family is illustrative of the appalling poverty of the hamlet. To exemplify this, his father has to leave the house quite a good deal to seek employment in the North and that is where he meets Sergio head of the culprits.The villagers have been so disenchanted with their quality of life of Acqua Traverse that they later allow their piggishness for materials to override their sense of morality and societal values. All in all, the most significant fear fear of being brought to seriousice arises out of the extreme poverty that the villagers are confronting. The degree of fear amongst the villagers varies thr oughout the novel sometimes fears appear vaguely, sometimes discernibly. Interestingly, the volatility of fear seems to parallel the intensity of the story when fear reaches its peak, the novel enthrallingly absorbs the readers in its flow of events.Fears appeared from the first few pages of the novel At Acqua Traverse the grown-ups didnt leave the houses till six in the evening. They shut themselves up indoors with the blinds drawn. This suggests the villagers have already kidnapped Filippo and are striving to remain aloof from the outside world in the daytime and from rightness, that is, they are aware that the deed they just did is morally erroneous. This awareness is metaphorically expressed through the rigors of the drought which the villagers are experiencing. The sun took away your breath, your strength, your desire to play, everything. And it was just unbearable at night. Furthermore, the villagers fear that the poverty of Acqua Traverse has foreclosed the future of their children takes the form of maternal affection. Mama curled up beside me and whispered in my ear, when you grow up you must go away from here and never come back. Even Mama a passive participant in the kidnap realizes the depraved things the adults are conspiring and does not want this trauma to afflict her children.There are some other less significant fears throughout the novel such as Papas fear towards the old man Sergio, Felices fear of the ferocity of Mama when she spares no effort to entertain Michele, to name but a few. Fear reaches its climax when the helicopters comb the hamlet and its fringe for the boy. The villagers acknowledge they are on the verge of being apprehended by the police. The grown-ups stayed at Salvatores house all evening They were shouting so chintzy that they woke us up. We had grown used to all sorts of things.Nocturnal meetings, noise, raised voices, broken plates, but now they were shouting too much. Hence, it can be observed that so far the u nceasing fluctuations of their degree, fears are omnipresent in every nook and cranny of Acqua Traverse. Dorothy Thompson once said The most destructive element in the human intellectual is fear. Fear creates aggressiveness. Not only do fears render the villagers of Acqua Traverse more belligerent and inhumane, they also divest the villagers of their ability to think and act in a rational demeanor as an ordinary person normally does. Papa made the scissors sign with his fingers. Two ears well cut off. Two. Papa who always treats his children with paternal affection and tenderness now turns out to be a vicious man ready to do harm to a child when the deal is not reached. The readers no longer see Papa saying Dont you kiss me, youre all dirty. If you want to kiss your father, youve got to wash first. A ruthless bogeyman that comes out and takes the children away and sells them to gypsies appears in lieu (although at the end of the novel Papa somehow strives to redeem the physiolog ical trauma he has caused to Michele).Perhaps Michele hopes that all these things are merely in a moment of aberration unfortunately, after falling victim to poverty and its subsequent fears as mentioned above, the villagers have drastically turned into different people from whom they used to be. By way of strain, Micheles ways to overcome fears and to perceive surrounding things are seemingly alternatively constructive and far from naive. As the story intensifies, Micheles fears are heightened and his innocence simultaneously irretrievably crumbles away nonetheless, he succeeds in dealing with these fears more precociously and rationally, unlike the adults.To recapitulate, fear serves as one of the primary themes of the novel Im not Scared it originates in the indigence that the villagers of Acqua Traverse are spillage through and its degree varies throughout the story paralleling the intensity of the plot. Fears are also employed by Niccolo Ammanity to delineate the villagers s tate of mind and to bear stark contrast to the protagonist of the novel, Michele. The dubiously mundane life at Acqua Travers is none but a veneer at night that veneer breaks and reveals a world of criminals, of inconceivably horrendous deeds, of ruptures of relationships and faiths and of inhumanity.And prevail in that world, fears Residual vestiges of affection and loyalty evaporates when evil gleam = loyalty irrevocably and irreparably crumbles away = Michele opts for Filippo, for his sense of morality and justice in lieu of his father. Micheles loyalty to his family manifests itself in a variety of ways sister (take charge of his sister hand in hand. We went home), submissiveness towards his mom, irately protect his mom when she is assaulted by Felice. His loyalty initially coerced him into unceasingly seeking palatable grounds for his parents not involving in the kidnap of Filippo. = his brother

English Spelling Essay

1. Give an outline of the views on English spelling presented in text 1 and 2. schoolbook 1 Proper spelling? Its Tyme to Let Luce, an article from the website of the American magazine WIRED, written by Anne Trubek, published January 31, 2012. Trubek claim that our language is forever evolving, and its tho normal and a part of the evolution of languages. She believes that it would be great if we could loose our idea of correct spelling, and open our arms towards a more modern and contrasting type of spelling. Trubek also explains how, when the typing machine and the first printed texts where created, words were written in many different ways. It didnt matter how the word was spelled, but how it was read. She argues that thither is no reason why its not possible to have that kind of open mind set nowadays.She also contradicts herself a bit, by tell its a good thing how our language is evolving and that its a part the technological evolution that the society us is undergoing, but at the similar time she claims that the spelling is a huge mess, and still need to follow the basic spelling norms. Text 2 Spelling A rebuttal from pumped(p)s imitationdesk written by lee side Simmons, published January 31, 2012, on Wired magazines website, on the other disagree with Trubek. Simmons believe that the English language is totally rubbish, and there need to be some rules, for spelling formally. He doesnt care how we spell when we are texting, and communicating with each other, but we really need to deform to concentrate when writing formal and informing things.2. Characterise the tone and style used in text 2. Illustrate your answers with examples from the text.Text 2 by Lee Simmons, argues against Trubek. Simmons uses the style of writing, quote and answer. When Simmons, answer the quotes his tone is rather aggressively, Instead, Trubek waves her hands and declares grandly that with the new technologies, the way that we write and read is changing, and so must spellin g. authentically? When Simmons uses the, quote and answer technique, it makes it easier to point out the weak spots in Trubeks article, and really dig deep in them. Its not only pointing the hebdomad spots out, its also asking questions to the reader, which makes the reader thinkabout the mistakes Trubek. Simmons believes that he knows better that Trubeck, which is enforced by his job as a copy editor at the magazine Wired. Through the whole article, he argues against Trubek, and keep shooting down Trubeks arguments. But in the end of the text, youre being leftfield with a feeling of disappointment, the article lacks a point.3. Taking your stating point in text 3 discuss the relevance of spelling norms.The point in text 3, had never really occurred to me before. But it actually makes a lot of sense. Arguing that the fewer different unpredictable spellings there are, the easier the language. The fact that the Finish language has no different pronunciations of word, therefore it is easier to learn, which I believe is good for the country, because has a huge influence on for an example, financial workers, who set to learn the language. If it didnt take so long for to learn the English language, it could mean that the English language could evolve into an even bigger and more powerful world language.

Puberty Blues Essay

The TV show I have chosen to talk to you well-nigh today is Puberty blue. It is aired at 830pm, Wednesday on channel 10. It doesnt have a specific genre, but more like a mixture. I would classify it as a teen drama. Puberty Blues doesnt work in plot twists but offers a suprising reality. The best part astir(predicate) the TV drama for me is how we get a glimpse into the life of a 1970s teenager.Puberty Blues is set in Cronulla, Sydney, in the late 1970s. legal age of the time, Debbie and executes houses are used, but the greenhill gang are also featured hanging around by the beach.Puberty Blues tells the story Debbie Vickers and Sue Knights. They are both very clever but somewhat unpopular high school girls who wants to raise their social standings in order to go bug out with boys. Through out the episodes we get to know the girls parents- Judy and Martin who are closed off and dont interact with each other much and Pam and Roger who have a far more open relationship.The sixth e pisode was directed by Glendyn Ivin and written by Fiona Seresis. The main plot is when the greenhill gang including Debbie and Sue, get wasted, go hotheaded and flip the car, killing the driver. Any other show would have sent the characters into an instant panic but the writers of Puberty Blues downstairsstand that the shock feature with drugs would have caused everyone to burst into disbelieving laughter.The car crash wasnt the only plot in the episode though. Debbies parents, Judy and Martin, got to couples councilling because Martin has strong feelings for a women at his work. Cheryl, a instalment of the green hills gang, is flirting with her mums boyfriend to prove she is more desirable than her mother, who resents.The social issue pressented in the show was definitely driving under the influence. This message is easily interpreted in the car crash scene were the driver and passengers are drunk and stoned.This wasnt my favourite episode from Puberty Blues but it was still s olid like we have come to expect from this series. I would recommend the show to high school students and older as there are some mature themes and sexual references. I love this show because it takes awkward and serious situations and brings out their bright side.

How to Become a Better Student

To become happy in tone, we all compulsion to learn to become a levelheaded student in every formula of life story. Becoming a good student is non an easy task. Most would agree that in point to be a good student it takes a great deal of hard work, succession and self-discipline. A student who possess these strong characteristics entrust often times stand out from the rest of their classmates. In order to become a strong student, one must have motivation, overbearing self-esteem, compulsory self-talk, committal and good adopt habits.It has been said that to get the required performance out of an individual, you just first fit outtle what motivates them. There are many another(prenominal) ways for a student to become motivated. These include backgrounds goals, creating a dreaming career, and having good set. If a student makes an effort to try and discover these traits almost themselves they will most liable(predicate) find the motivation they bring in their li fe. Setting goals is the first step a soul fag take in order to wee the motivation they need to become a better student. A goal is something a person is wishing accomplish in their life.There are two types of goals, short condition and long term. Short-term goals are usually less than six months. A student should always set short- term goals for themselves in the beginning of a semester so they back tooth work hard for the next mate of months to achieve them. A long-term goal is what a student is strives for in their more distant future, for lawsuit a career path. Setting short-term and long-term goals early on in life is positive tool in order for a student to be successful in their future. A nonher method to gain motivation is to create a dream career.A student attends college with hopes of receiving a degree that will entrust them to specialize in a future job market. A students major should be their passion. If an individual big league in something they despise, they wi ll eventually loose their motivation to perform healthy in their studies. Striving for a career that you love is a great motivation tool that will inspire students to do well in school. Working for a dream career overly allows a student to major in something they are passionate about and supportings them motivated throughout their college career.An additional technique to expand students motivation is by having good values. A value is a principle that an individual considers important. Students must realize what things in life are of luxuriously importance and which things are not. For example a students school assignment should come first and entertainment should be performed second. If a student considers having fun more important than their schoolwork, then their motivation will be severely lost. In order to balance motivation an individual must set good values for himself or herself to become stronger student.Students not only need to remain motivated but also need to have high amounts of positive self-esteem to stay on top of their studies. Positive self-esteem is defined as belief in oneself. It is also a students awareness that he or she is a person of Roth or values simply because he or she is a human being. If students constantly tell themselves that they are not worthy and gives up hope on their studies, they will deteriorate their ability to be a good student. If an individual feels as if they have lost their self-esteem, there are many ways for them to gain it substantiate.To raise self-esteem a student can, pay close attention to their needs, take care of themselves, incorporate out positive self-talk, and perform in activities that make will make them feel good about themselves. Students that act upon these activities daily will maintain high self-esteem in their lives. It is important to maintain high levels of positive self-esteem because students should not only do well in the classes they are taking, but also feel good about themsel ves while doing so. Paying attention to ones own wants and needs is a good first step to take when attempting to gain self-esteem.A good student should always be listening to what their bodies, mind, and oculus are corpulent them. For example, if an individual has been canvass for a long period of time, their body is probably telling them to stand up and take a break. Peoples heart speak to them about for instances the individuals in heir life who they long to spend more time with. If a students mind is telling them to brisk their room, they should act upon these thoughts, and clean their room. Acting on these bodily instincts are good ways for students to recognize their needs and to retain back positive self-esteem.Students should also heavily focus on their diets. Individuals who make healthy choices with their fitness and diet will find that they feel better about themselves. To keep a strong mind people need to consume the right foods and always make time in their busy sche dules for exercise. Completing these simple tasks can boost a dents self-esteem and make sure they are performing at optimal level. In our society today, more students are daily telling themselves that they are not worthy or not smart enough. These negative thoughts people tell themselves are the be one force that can annihilate ones self-esteem.Students should really attempt to use positive self-talk as much as possible. Positive self-talk is defined as any time in which individuals think or talk to themselves in a beneficial manner. Students should arise off day-by-day on a positive note. Simply waking up and starting mornings on a high note can make the day run much more smoothly. Students should not only use positive self-talk in the mornings but should also continue throughout the day. Thinking positive thoughts before a test will in a way make the stress go away and a student will perform better.Positive self-talk is extremely important in a students everyday routine becau se it will give them the confidence they need in their school careers. Another method to keep self-esteem high is for students to carry out the activities that they perform well in. If a student ever becomes foil with their schoolwork, they should always take a break and do the activities they love to bring up their self esteem. When a person performs something they love to do it helps them escape from their stress and worries.These are great tools to use while hearing because once an individual finishes these special activities and continues with their schoolwork, they will feel refreshed. To perform well in school a students self-esteem needs to be high and also their commitment to their studies needs to be a number one priority. Commitment is defined as means to show loyalty, duty, or pledge to someone or something. Staying committed to schoolwork is not an easy task. Students can be distracted by so many efferent outlets today, which make it so easy to break their commitment t o their studies.However, these distractions can be avoided by setting out time every day to look over notes from class. Making time everyday for your schoolwork is beneficial because it is keeping the material fresh in your mind and keeps your commitment with school strong. Good study habits follow closely behind a students commitment. Study habits are extremely important because it is the fuel for a student to perform well on quizzes and tests. A habit is a preference too occurrence action that you do a certain way on regular basis.Students should get into the habit of committing to a study schedule everyday. They should routinely take breaks and stay healthy in order to stay cogitate their studies. To keep their schedule in order students should also use a planner. It is difficult to organize tests and schoolwork without a planner. A Student can become easily confused and should incorporate using a planner everyday in their study habits. Overall, carrying out good study habits e veryday will coat the road for students to perform well in their schoolwork. In conclusion, becoming a master student takes time and patience.It is not an easy task to be successful in school but with a crew of hard work it can be accomplished. There are many rewards for becoming a successful student. One of the greatest rewards is graduating from high school, college, or even graduate school. Students must always remember to be successful in school they need to have motivation, positive self-esteem, positive self-talk, commitment and good study habits. If an individual can master using these tools in their everyday routines, they will see the positive results in their schoolwork and in the long run become a stronger student.

History and Song Essay

direful Grace is sensation of the most poignant cry that was ever written whose challenge goes beyond its apparitional origins to encompass the human struggle and has evolved together with history. The shout is based on I Chronicles 1716 on the words of the Hebrew King David regarding his respect at the selection of his ho habit with Gods favor. Though there are significant theological content the telephone call, its core themes of deliverance and fortitude give extended its appeal to the military, freedom movements, and social justice.The lyrics of the pains are attributed to jakes Newton, a former slave trader who eventually became a minister in the United Kingdom in the 18th century. According to Newtons accounts, he wrote the song during a violent storm at sea, he advertantly cried out Lord, have mercy upon us (Rogers). Upon reflection subsequently on in his cabin Newton, who barely knew about religion, reflected upon the episode and realized how faith can be a core i n an individual without that person being aware of it at all.It became a real popular hymn in Newtons preaching work but was only produce as Amazing Grace in an 1831 hymnal called Virginia Harmony (Amazing Grace). It had been included in the Olney Hymns utilise by Newton but had various titles given to it if any (Rogers). There were several tunes used for the hymn before it became popularized in the tune we know today. Some speculation regarding the original tune for the hymns have attributed it to African slave chants which Newton may have been familiar with because of his history with the slave trade.Others have cited that its pentatonic meter suggests that it may have had a ancestry played with bagpipes or Celtic music (Amazing Grace). There is in like manner some suggestion that the modern version of the melody of the song, particularly in its dramatic qualities, can be traced back in the Cherokee adaptation of the song during the Native American remotion (Words to Amazing Grace). The harsh trek to the West allowed little opportunity for them to follow conventional burial rights and the song was used instead because of its commonality with Native American theologies on death ( coach of Tears).The song has had several versions and has even become part of popular music with artists such as Judy Collins giving their own interpretation of the song. The song is often performed with one instrument or one type of instruments. The most popular renditions have been with wind instruments particularly bugle, horns, flute and the bagpipe. The instruments may have been elect because of the ethereal quality of the melody and its message. Most performance of the song generally starts with a light melody that grows in strength and color as the song progresses.In the UK, the song is often played on bagpipes for military salutes that overly has been adapted in America particularly for those who have Celtic ancestry (Rogers). The use of the bagpipes however, is actual ly a recent trend and was popularized through with(predicate) the 1969 film Alices Restaurant by Arthur Penn which in turn allowed it to figure in the counter culture issues. (Amazing Grace). During the American Civil War, the song was both used for military right by Union and confederate soldiers. The songs popularity accordingly was based on its support of the Protestant theology of divine grace.Many American presidents also The identification of the song with freedom and social justice began with its adoption as the Cherokee National Anthem to enter the scuff of Tears during the Native American removal. The song became also popular during both World Wars when consort soldiers with sing the song during the services for fallen soldiers. The popularity of the song during the sixties as social justice movements developed from their foundations in gospel movements. From being a song for memoriam, the use became to highlight the suffering from social damage and became particular ly popular with the Black Power Movement.Similar to the Native American use of the song, more cutting empowerment movements used the song as a thematic representation of the issues concerning social rights and equality. It was used both to express the motivations of the movement as well as provide its moral and religious basis. Some also attribute its significance to the Black Power Movement because of the association to the African Slave Trade through Newton and his subsequent abolitionist stands (Amazing Grace) The song can be expected to hold open in its popularity because of its universal themes.The interpretation of the song ranges from deliverance to self-realization. These components allowed it to be adopted into active action as well as in devotional settings. The song has deep sense on enlightenment which is the reasonableness it became popular with social movements. The line, Was blind, but now, I see is a popular theme in many human rights speeches that called fro soc ial action and reform. The song repeatedly shows a dichotomy to how which affects a person. In motto that, Twas Grace that taught my heart to fear.And Grace, my fears relieved, the song is has a message that it is in recognizing our fears that one is truly delivered from them. Thus, it had an appeal to the military, the oppressed and the marginalized for the connotation of valor and courage. The songs long popularity and various uses attest to its ability to light upon core human desires fro freedom, salvation and justice. The songs greatest meaning lies not in its religious aspects but in its belief in the triumph of the human spirit.Works CitedAmazing Grace. Wikipedia dethaw Encyclopedia.14 March 2007. 15 March 2007. Amazing Grace Lyrics. Gospel Hut. 14 June 2006. 15 March 2007. Trail of Tears. Wikipedia Free Encyclopedia. 13 March 2007. 15 March 2007. Rogers, Al. Amazing Grace The Story of John Newton. 1996. 15 March 2007. Words to Amazing Grace. Littleleaf. 14 March 2007. 15 March 2007. http//www. littleleaf. com/amazinggrace. htm

Hr Case Study

Table of Contents Executive labor unionmary2 Problem identification and analysis 3 State custodyt of major lines4 7. Generation and evaluation of alternate solutions 5 7. 1 Reducing reliance on gross gross gross revenue motor5 7. 2 Introduce group based targets and reward systems5 7. 3 Survey sales promote on season allocated for different job aspects6 7. 4 Set maximum amount of self-imposed supererogatory take a shit hours6 8. Recommendations7 9. Implementations 8 10. cogitate Remarks9 11. References10 12. Turnitin Originality report11-12 Executive summaryAnnette, the refreshingly appointed HR manager feels that terry, the company sales manager, despite loving his job and being passionate about the construct he does, is a workaholic. She is algophobic that terry pull up stakes not be able to keep up with this hectic schedule and that it would concisely affect his wellness and work life balance. Even though his on the job(p) habits shine a collateral light on the company, it gives a certain peer bosom to his sales team to work every bit long hours even when Terry does not insist that anyone work as long as him.Furtherto a greater extent, Annett does not agree with what the CEO intends to do, to give Terry recognition and reward for his dedication and outstanding progeny, as it is a result of uttermost(prenominal) work habits. However, the CEO feels that no one is forcing Terry to work long hours, and cleverness think of it as legal as it is a voluntary effort. Problem identification and analysis Harvard analytic Framework for Human Resource precaution Stake holder Long border Individual upbeat disrupted burn out internal departmental stress unnecessary hug from Terry leads to team resignation societal effect educes effectiveness of sales team from undue pressure Long term Individual well-being disrupted burn out internal departmental stress unnecessary pressure from Terry leads to team resignation societal effect reduces eff ectiveness of sales team from undue pressure HR outcomes Commitment to work long hours due to rewarding of extreme work attitude Non compliancy to legislation due to voluntary long hours Creates competent work long suit in short hang due to extra hours HR outcomes Commitment to work long hours due to rewarding of extreme work attitude Non compliance to legislation due to voluntary long hoursCreates competent work force in short run due to extra hours Choices rewarding behavior job design Possible omit of technology in job Uses new-fangled sales as important cash flow beginning Choices rewarding behavior job design Possible lack of technology in job Uses new sales as main cash flow generator Interests CEO HR manager TerryHRM policyHR outcomesLong-Term gross revenue riverewarding behavi Job desginCommitment Individual Compliancewell-being Situational Factors * Long work hours * principle * Business Strategy * dependant on sales and conditions * sales target philosophy * Task engineering science * societal values Situational Factors * Long work hours * Legislation * Business Strategy * dependant on sales and conditions * sales target * philosophy * Task Technology * societal values Human preferenceCongruenc Source Beer et al (1984) One of the principal problems that are shown in the fortune is the willingness to reward extreme work behavior in the organization. This positive reinforcement of Terrys workingss behavior will be indirectly showing to others that to gain recognition in the company, you would suffer to admit extreme working behaviors like Terry.Furthermore, there is legislation that demarcates the working hours of a full time employee. However, the main problem is that organization allows voluntary increase working hours as it is deemed beneficial for the company. A third problem is that the company is relying heavily on its sales force to generate profit. These could be due to high sales targets given by management which Terry can onl y achieve by increasing working hours excessively. Statement of major problems It can be derived that the company is relying heavily on its sales force, possibly on direct sales and new clients instead of recurring and retention of bespokeers.This would be directly linked to the perceive need for Terry to increase working hours dramatically to fulfill his individual sales targets. other hypercritical issue lies in the voluntary non-compliance of legislation. This, coupled with higher(prenominal) management of not only accepting extreme work habits, except with the intention of rewarding, would indirectly tell other employees that reward and recognition comes with extreme stimulation of work hours. Furthermore, the sales force is obliged to work equally long hours like Terry, which would eventually result in this being custom and practice.This could be due to the engraftting of difficult individual executeance measurements in terms of sales clinched per month. 7. Generation an d evaluation of alternate solutions 7. 1 Reducing reliance on sales force. There is a heavy reliance on sales force to secure nodes for the company. sort of of constantly sourcing new customers to meet individual targets, the sales force could work on retaining be customers by practicing relationship trade as it is more cost effective to do so.Relationship marketing is most relevant when the customer has choices of their suppliers and switching is coming and there is a continued need for the service ( cull. 2002). A extensive example would be the research done by Moon-Koo (2004) on Korean mobile telecommunications services which showed that the labor believes that the crucial future marketing strategy was to try to retain existing customers by increasing customer trueness and customer value.Payne and Adrian (1994) concluded that securing of new clients is merely the first step in the marketing process, the crux lies in retaining the customer, with organizations often back uping that existing customers are not only more fat than new customers, but also easier to sell to. The company should come up with customer truth schemes to retain customers, which will help the sales force with achieving sales targets 7. 2 Introduce team based targets and reward systems Another alternate solution would be to reduce individual target and rewards, and introduce team based sales target and reward system.Hackman & Walton (1986) suggested that successful group work will contribute to the growth and personal well-being of team members. By reducing individual target and reward systems, not removing, it would ensure the sales force meet the minimum amount. However, with the team based targets and rewards in place and scaled slightly higher than the sum of all individual targets, the sales force would be motivated to strive towards achieving team based goals. seek has shown teams with difficult goals perform optimally when incentives are offered (Knight, 2001).Performan ce is directly influenced by goals, but incentives did not. The offer of an incentive increased the commitment of most teams with difficult goals, proving to be highly beneficial (Knight, 2001). 7. 3 Survey sales force on time allocated for different job aspects It would be best to survey the sales force to define which area of their job takes up the most time. Asking for the employees feedback to improve the work system has eternally proved invaluable, with research showing that 360-degree feedback boosting communications and exercise of their managers and organizations (Bernardin & Beatty, 1987).The 360-degree approach shows that without feedback there can only be minimal change, and that various constituencies can provide diverse viewpoints and information (London, 1993). In the research done by Marshall (1999), there is a change in communication-related technology, especially in the 1990s where there was an cash advance in communication between salespeople and customers due t o the reduction in salespeople travel requirements. By asking the sales force for their opinions, new systems, process and new technologies can be developed to help save time and energies.If these new technologies are inserted into the right parts of the job, such as online video calling existing customers to confirm advertising orders instead of travelling to meet them, a large portion of time would be salvage without compromising on the whole tone of customer service. 7. 4 Set maximum amount of voluntary surplus work hours According to Fairwork Australia website, a full time employee work an average of 38 hours per week, also under the National Employment Standards, Maximum eekly hours of work is 38 hours per week, plus reasonable additional hours. Terry is working 60 hours a week, 22 hours more than required. Even though it is voluntary, it is still a considerable health hazard to overwork consistently. Sparks et al. (1997) suggests that there is a small but significant posit ive trend that cerebrate increased hours of work to increased health symptoms. Buell & Breslow (1960) also found that employees who work in sedentary positions for prolonged hours suffer from health problems due to the lack of exercise.Having research proving that overworking consistently provides a multitude of health hazards, it can be determined that Terry is not taking reasonable sustenance of his own health and safety which can be found under the work health and safety act variant 4 section 28- Duties of workers, dapple at work, a worker moldiness (a) Take reasonable care for his or her own health and safety. A solution to prevent employees from voluntary overworking is to set a maximum amount of voluntary additional work hours.Regardless of whether employees are meeting their sales target inside the normal working hours, they are allocated a maximum set of extra hours to either over perform or chase up to their sales targets. Recommendations In order to maintain the effic iency of the business while not impacting the overall performance of the sales department, it is recommended that a maximum amount of additional voluntary work hours be set in order to prevent working excessive extra hours as custom and practise.A 360 degree feedback should be carried out on the sales force to ascertain the most time overwhelming aspects of the job, and to develop solutions and put in place technology to save time to increase the efficiency of the sales force. Higher management would need to review the key performance indicators of the sales force, and reduce individual goals and set in place challenging team goals with additional incentives to motivate the sales force to achieve more in synergy.This would go hand in hand with the creation of customer loyalty schemes to retain existing customers, and training for the sales force would be needed to allow them to utilise the loyalty schemes to the companys advantage. Implementations Reward Terry for dedication to firm ASAP Set in maximum additional voluntary work hours and explain to organization and work life balance Immediately after rewarding Terry 360 degree feedback of sales department Depending on how big the sales department is. Estimated 6 months. Review KPIs and reconstitute to team settings 1 year Creation of customer loyalty schemes In conjunction with restructuring to team goals Terry would need to rewarded for his stellar performance for the company, where the recognition need to be structured politically correct as to prevent others from thinking Terry is being rewarded due to him putting in excessive hours. A espouse up to that would be to implement maximum additional voluntary work hours after a go past work life balance talk to the company.This would put in place that to over achieve is good, but the organization does not support extreme work behaviors. The next step would be to hire an international agent to conduct a 360 feedback on the sales department to seek to reduce ti me hoard elements of the job. It is essential to review new technologies and how they would assist the department in carrying out their jobs. Proper training would contain to be provided to ensure the sales forces are kept up to date with the new technologies.After the aspects of the job have been redefined, higher management should review the KPI of the sales department and restructure more into collectivism with individual hybrid elements to motivate the sales force to work in teams to achieve even harder goals that is ever achievable by their own. This would go in conjunction with the sales force developing customer loyalty schemes as the sales force would know what attracts their clients the most and would thus be the best equipped to develop the loyalty schemes. Concluding remarksIt is of paramount importance to not undermine the value of Terrys work however measures must be put in place to curb extreme work habits. The core structure of the a salesperson job aspect would ne ed to be reviewed, so as to determine areas which can be revised with the addition of new technology to help save the time and energies of the work force. This, coupled with the restructuring the performance indicators to embrace a more collective approach by placing difficult team goals which when achieved, give higher incentives. This would motivate employees to work together in teams.Lastly, the organization needs to realize that retaining existing customers is more profitable than attracting new customers, and the company will benefit from requesting the sales force to create a customer loyalty scheme, and to incorporate it into a core component of the sales department duties. References 1. Bemardin, J. H. , & Beatty, R. W. (1987). Can subordinate appraisals rise managerial productivity? Sloan Management Review, 28(4), 63-73. 2. Bud, P. & Breslow, L. (1960). Mortality from coronary heart disease in California men who work long hours. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 11, 61 5-626. 3 . Hackman, J. R. amp Walton, R. E. (1986) Leading groups in organizations. In intent Effective Work Groups, Goodman, P. (ed. ), pp. 72119. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco 4. Kim, Moon-Koo(03/2004). The effects of customer satisfaction and switching barrier on customer loyalty in Korean mobile telecommunication services. Telecommunications policy(0308-5961),28(2),145. DOI10. 1016/j. telpol. 2003. 12. 003 5. Leonard L. Berry (2002) Relationship Marketing of Services. Perspectives from 1983 and 2000, Journal of Relationship Marketing, 11, 59-77 6. London, Manuel(1993). 360-degree feedback as a competitive advantage.Human resource management(0090-4848),32(2-3),353. DOI10. 1002/hrm. 3930320211 7. Marshall, GregW(01/1999). The Current State of Sales Force Activities. Industrial marketing management(0019-8501),28(1),87. DOI10. 1016/S0019-8501(98)00025-X 8. Knight, D. (04/2001). THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEAM GOALS, INCENTIVES, AND EFFICACY TO STRATEGIC RISK, TACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION, AND P ERFORMANCE. . Academy of Management journal(0001-4273),44(2),326. DOI10. 2307/3069459 9. Sparks, K. , Cooper, C. , Fried, Y. and Shirom, A. (1997), The effects of hours of work on health A meta-analytic review.Journal of Occupational and organisational Psychology, 70391408. doi10. 1111/j. 2044-8325. 1997. tb00656. x 10. Payne, Adrian(1994). Relationship Marketing Making the customer aim. Managing service quality(0960-4529),4(6),29. Turnitin Originality Report OHS case studyby Yuxuan Huang From Individual Work health and Safety event (BUS320 BUS320 Advanced Human Resource Perspectives (s1, 2013)) * Processed on 12-Mar-2013 519 PM WST * ID 311507218 * Word Count 2170 Similarity Index 16% Similarity by Source InternetSources 12% Publications 9% bookmanPapers 12% sources 1 2% see to it (Internet from 17-Apr-2012) ttp//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/j. 2044-8325. 1997. tb00656. x/abstract 2 1% haul (publications) Stacie Furst. Virtual team effectiveness a proposed research agenda, Information Systems Journal, 10/1999 3 1% tick (Internet from 21-Jan-2013) http//www. monarorfs. org. au/new-machi? limitstart=15 4 1% gibe (publications) Kate Sparks. The effects of hours of work on health A meta-analytic review, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 12/1997 5 1% match (student papers from 30-Apr-2012) Submitted to University of Sydney on 2012-04-30 6 1% match (student papers from 08-Sep-2011)Submitted to Macquarie University on 2011-09-08 7 1% match (Internet from 06-Jul-2010) http//jom. sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/36/1/5 8 1% match (Internet from 06-May-2009) http//members. chello. nl/e. vanoverveld/images/Thesis. PDF 9 1% match (publications) Warech, M. A.. Self-monitoring and 360-degree ratings, The Leadership Quarterly, 199824 10 1% match (Internet from 10-Mar-2013) http//ro. uow. edu. au/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1301&context=commpapers&sei- 11 1% match (student papers from 12-May-2010) Submitted to University of Western Sydn ey on 2010-05-12 12 1% match (publications) Marshall, G.W.. The Current State of Sales Force Activities, Industrial Marketing Management, 199901 13 1% match (student papers from 25-Oct-2009) Submitted to Curtin University of Technology on 2009-10-25 14 1% match (Internet from 02-Apr-2010) http//www. wairc. wa. gov. au/Agreements/Agrmnt2005/PBF016. doc 15 1% match (publications) Karjaluoto, Heikki, Chanaka Jayawardhena, Matti LeppAniemi, and Minna PihlstrAm. How value and trust influence loyalty in wireless telecommunications industry, Telecommunications Policy, 2012. 16 1% match (student papers from 11-Sep-2009) Submitted to Univerza v Ljubljani on 2009-09-11 7 1% match (Internet from 16-Apr-2009) http//dissertations. port. ac. uk/357/01/BelliardC. pdf 18 1% match (Internet from 20-Feb-2009) http//www. busmgt. ulster. ac. uk/modules/bmg775m2/fig. doc 19 1% match (Internet from 18-Jan-2013) http//www. aom. pace. edu/amj/April2001/knight. pdf 20 1% match (Internet from 29-Apr-2012 ) http//www. vawo. nl/documents/OccupationalstressAustraliauniversities. pdf 21 1% match (publications) Lee, Hyung Seok. Major Moderators Influencing the Relationships of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty, Asian Social Science, 2013.

Alternative Fuels

This judgment will focus primarily on the enjoyment of alternative fuel vehicles at Lotus letting Cars, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of alternative fuels and the conflict it will have on the Ameri back tooth public. With shove off prices increasing daily, take ining a vehicle is becoming a fast growing decision for families going on vacation and people who make their living traveling from place to place. Families can no longer afford to rent large RVs and pay outrageous prices for fuel. Salespersons and businessmen can non either.Big companies are no longer willing to sell the whole cost of fuel, but rather a percentage which digs in the profit for these businessmen. utility(a) Fuel Vehicles AFV,(alternative fuel vehicles), by design are intended to improve air quality by lowering ozone-depleting emissions and makes us less dependent on foreign oil products. The various types of AFVs, include crossing and flexible fuel designs. Powered by electricity, compres sed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, hydrogen, alcohol (in the form of methanol and denatured alcohol), and gasohol (which includes up to 85% alcohol), are the most common.Currently, only ternion types are readily available to the public which are natural gas flex fuel, and battery electric. inseparable gas powers about 112,000 vehicles already in the United States and is a good choice for centrally fuel fleets that operate within a limited area. The domestic availability and widespread distribution infrastructure is a great advantage. Most NG vehicles use diesel for ignition and then natural gas for the rest. crown of thorns vehicles use electricity which is drawn from an off board power source and then stored in batteries. in that respect is also plug in vehicles that can be plugged directly into an electrical outlet when not in use. Flex fuel uses ethanol which is made from biomass material. It also requires no special fueling equipment and can be used i n gasoline burning engines. Reasons to Incorporate AFVs Each vehicle emits more than 600 lbs. of pollutants per year, much(prenominal) as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide which contributes to smog. This leads to many health issues.The inability for blood to carry atomic number 8 to vital organs, bronchitis, asthma and some other respiratory tract problems has been reported. These pollutants also affect our eye sight. Bacteria and other chemicals get into our eye tissue causing damage to our retina and the eye pressure, which can lead to cataracts even blindness. The use of alternate fuels will not see an end to pollutants but will certainly have an impact on the amount of pollutants which is emitted from our vehicles.

Role and Functions of Stock Exchange in India

A PRESENTATION REPORT ON mathematical function AND FUNCTIONS OF STOCK switch INTRODUCTION A short letter veeris a form of replacewhich provides serve for sway brokersand spatersto trade businesss,bonds, and some othersecurities. wrinkle supersedes also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other fiscal factors, and upper-case letter events including the payment of income anddividends. Securities traded on a commonplace convert includesh arsissued by companies, social unit trusts,derivatives, pooled enthronement products andbonds.To be able to trade a security on a certain stock sub, it essential be enumerateed there. Usuall(a)y, there is a central location at least for record keeping, precisely trade is increasingly less linked to such a physical place, as modern merchandiseplaces arelectronic networks, which gives them advantages of increased speed and reduced cost of trans defendions. Trade on an transfigure is by members further. The in itial fling of stocks and bonds toinvestorsis by definition done in theprimary foodstuffand subsequent craft is done in thesecondary market.A stock exchange is often the most important component of astock market. ply and demand in stock markets are driven by sundry(a) factors that, as in allfree people markets, affect the price of stocks (seestock valuation). There is usually no compulsion to issue stock via the stock exchange itself, nor must stock be subsequently traded on the exchange. Such trading is give tongue to to beoff exchangeorover-the-counter. This is the usual way thatderivativesandbondsare traded. Increasingly, stock exchanges are partially of a global market for securitiesSTOCK EXCHANGE DEFINITION According to Husband and Dockerary declination exchanges are in camera organized markets which are used to facilitate trading in securities. * According to securities contract ( regulation ) act of 1956 An association, organization or body of individuals, whether in unifiedd or not, established for the purpose of assisting, regulating and controlling trade in buying, selling and dealing in securities. Features of extraction telephone exchange 1. Market for securities buy in exchange is a market, where securities of corporate bodies, disposal and semi-government bodies are bought and sold. . Deals in second hand securities It deals with shares, debentures bonds and such securities al put up issued by the companies. In short it deals with existing or second hand securities and hence it is called secondary market. 3. Regulates trade in securities Stock exchange does not buy or sell any securities on its own account. It merely provides the infallible infrastructure and facilities for trade in securities to its members and brokers who trade in securities. It regulates the trade activities so as to ensure free and fair trade 4.Allows dealings only in listed securities In fact, stock exchanges maintain an official list of securities that could be purchased and sold on its floor. Securities which do not figure in the official list of stock exchange are called unlisted securities. Such unlisted securities dirty dognot be traded in the stock exchange. 5. Transactions do only by means of members All the transactions in securities at the stock exchange are effected only with its authorized brokers and members. Outsiders or direct investors are not allowed to enter in the trading circles of the stock exchange.Investors have to buy or sell the securities at the stock exchange through the authorised brokers only. 6. Association of persons A stock exchange is an association of persons or body of individuals which may be registered or unregistered. 7. Recognition from Central organisation Stock exchange is an organised market. It requires recognition from the Central establishment. 8. Working as per rules Buying and selling transactions in securities at the stock exchange are governed by the rules and regulations of stock exchange as well asSEBI Guidelines.No deviation from the rules and guidelines is allowed in any case. 9. Specific location Stock exchange is a particular market place where authorised brokers come together daily (i. e. on working days) on the floor of market called trading circles and conduct trading activities. The prices of incompatible securities traded are shown on electronic boards. After the working hours market is closed. All the working of stock exchanges is conducted and controlled through computers and electronic system. 10. pecuniary Barometers Stock exchanges are the pecuniary barometers and evelopment indicators of national economy of the coun separate out. Industrial growth and stability is reflected in the top executive of stock exchange. EXISTING STRUTURE OF STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDIA STOCK EXCHANGE OTHERS NSE BSE BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE The Bombay Stock permutation is the oldest exchange in Asia. It traces its history to the 1850s, when four Gujarati and one Parsi s tockbroker would gather under banian tree trees in front of Mumbais Town Hall. The location of these meetings changed many times, as the number of brokers constantly increased.The group ultimately moved to Dalal Street in 1874 and in 1875 became an official organization cognize as The Native divide & ampere Stock Brokers Association. In 1956, the BSE became the first stock exchange to be recognized by theIndian Governmentunder the Securities Contracts Regulation Act. The Bombay Stock Exchange developed theBSE SENSEXin 1986, give the BSE a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2000 the BSE used this powerfulness to open its derivatives market, trading SENSEX futures contracts.The development of SENSEX options along with equity derivatives followed in 2001 and 2002, expanding the BSEs trading platform. Historically an open blackguard floor trading exchange, the Bombay Stock Exchange switched to an electronic trading system in 1995. It took the exchange only fi fty days to make this transition. This automated, screen-based trading platform called BSE On-line trading (BOLT) currently has a capacity of 8 million orders per day. The BSE has also introduced the earths first centralized exchange-based internet trading system, BSEWEBx. o. in to enable investors anywhere in the world to trade on the BSE platform. The BSE is currently sufferd inPhiroze Jeejeebhoy TowersatDalal Street,Fort area. NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE TheNational Stock Exchange(NSE) isstock exchangelocated atMumbai,India. It is in the top 20 largest stock exchangesin the world bymarket jacketizationand largest in India by daily turnover and number of trades, for both equities and derivative trading. NSE has a market capitalization of aroundUS$1trillionand over 1,652 listings as of July 2012.Though a number of other exchanges exist, NSE and theBombay Stock Exchangeare the two most signifi goatt stock exchanges in India, and between them are responsible for the vast majority of s hare transactions. The NSEs key index is theS&P CNX Nifty, known as the NSENIFTY(National Stock Exchange Fifty), an index of fifty major stocks weighted by market capitalization. NSE is mutually owned by a set of leading financial institutions, banks, insurance companies and other financial intermediaries in India but its ownership and commission operate as separate entities.There are at least 2 foreign investorsNYSE Euro nextandGoldman Sachswho have taken a stake in the NSE. As of 2006, the NSEVSATterminals, 2799 in total, cover more than 1500 cities across India. In 2011, NSE was the third largest stock exchange in the world in terms of the number of contracts (1221 million) traded in equity derivatives. It is the second fastest growingstock exchangein the world with a recorded growth of 16. 6%. ROLE OF STOCK EXCHANGE * sound Mobilisation Of Savings Stock exchanges provide organised market for an individual as well as institutional investors.They regulate the trading transacti ons with proper rules and regulations in order to ensure investors protection. This helps to consolidate the self-reliance of investors and small savers. Thus, stock exchanges attract small savings especially of large number of investors in the capital market. * Promoting Capital formation The funds mobilised through capital market are provided to the industries engaged in the ware of various goods and services useful for the society. This leads to capital formation and development of national assets. The savings mobilised are channelised into usurp avenues of coronation. Wider Avenues of investment Stock exchanges provide a wider avenue for the investment to the people and organisations with investible surplus. Companies from diverse industries like discipline Technology, Steel, Chemicals, Fuels and Petroleum, Cement, Fertilizers, etc. offer various kinds of equity and debt securities to the investors. Online trading facility has brought the stock exchange at the doorsteps of investors through computer network. Diverse type of securities is made available in the stock exchanges to suit the varying objectives and notions of different classes of investor.Necessary information from stock exchanges available from different sources guides the investors in the effective management of their investment portfolios. * Liquidity of investment Stock exchanges provide liquidity of investment to the investors. Investors can sell out any of their investments in securities at any time during trading days and trading hours on stock exchanges. Thus, stock exchanges provide liquidity of investment. The on-line trading and online settlement of demat securities facilitates the investors to sellout their investments and realise the proceeds within a day or two.Even investors can switch over their investment from one security to another according to the changing scenario of capital market. * investiture priorities Stock exchanges facilitate the investors to decide his invest ment priorities by providing him the basket of different kinds of securities of different industries and companies. He can sell stock of one company and buy a stock of another company through stock exchange whenever he wants. He can manage his investment portfolio to maximise his wealth. * Investment safetyStock exchanges through their by-laws, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) guidelines, transparent procedures try to provide safety to the investment in industrial securities. Government has established the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Over The Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI) for investors safety. Exchange authorities try to curb speculative practices and minimise the risk for common investor to preserve his confidence. * Financial resources for public and private sectors Stock Exchanges make available the financial resources available to the industries in public and private sector through various kinds of securities.Due to the assurance of liquidity, marketing su pport, investment safety assured through stock exchanges, the public issues of securities by these industries line up strong public response (resulting in oversubscription of issue). * Funds for victimisation Purpose Stock exchanges enable the government to mobilise the funds for public utilities and public undertakings which take up the developmental activities like power projects, shipping, railways, telecommunication, dams & roads constructions, etc.Stock exchanges provide liquidity, marketability, price continuity and constant paygrade of government securities. * Indicator of Industrial Development Stock exchanges are the symbolic indicators of industrial development of a nation. Productivity, efficiency, economic-status, prospects of each diligence and every unit in an industry is reflected through the price fluctuation of industrial securities on stock exchanges. Stock exchange sensex and price fluctuations of securities of various companies tell the entire story of cha nges in industrial sector. Barometer of National Economy Stock exchange is taken as a Barometer of the economy of a country. Each economy is economically symbolized (indicators) by its most significant stock exchange. New York Stock Exchange, London Stock Exchange, Tokyo Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange are considered as barometers of U. S. A, United Kingdom, Japan and India respectively. At both national and global level these stock exchanges represent the progress and conditions of their economies. Functions FUNCTIONS OF STOCKEXCHANGE * Continuous and ready market for securitiesStock exchange provides a ready and continuous market for purchase and sale of securities. It provides ready outlet for buying and selling of securities. Stock exchange also acts as an outlet/counter for the sale of listed securities . * Facilitates evaluation of securities Stock exchange is useful for the evaluation of industrial securities. This enables investors to know the true worth of their h oldings at any time. Comparison of companies in the same industry is possible through stock exchange quotations (i. e price list). * Encourages capital formationStock exchange accelerates the process of capital formation. It creates the habit of saving, investing and risk taking among the investing class and converts their savings into profitable investment. It acts as an instrument of capital formation. In addition, it also acts as a channel for right (safe and profitable) investment. * Provides safety and security in dealings Stock exchange provides safety, security and equity (justice) in dealings as transactions are conducted as per well defined rules and regulations. The managing body of the exchange keeps control on the members.Fraudulent practices are also check into effectively. Due to various rules and regulations, stock exchange functions as the custodian of funds of genuine investors. * Regulates company management Listed companies have to comply with rules and regulatio ns of concerned stock exchange and work under the vigilance (i. e supervision) of stock exchange authorities. * Facilitates public borrowing Stock exchange serves as a platform for marketing Government securities. It enables government to raise public debt easily and quickly. * Provides clarification house facilityStock exchange provides a clearing house facility to members. It settles the transactions among the members quickly and with ease. The members have to pay or receive only the net dues (balance amounts) because of the clearing house facility. * Facilitates healthy speculation Healthy speculation, keeps the exchange active. Normal speculation is not dangerous but provides more business to the exchange. However, excessive speculation is undesirable as it is dangerous to investors & the growth of corporate sector. * Serves as Economic BarometerStock exchange indicates the state of health of companies and the national economy. It acts as a barometer of the economic situati on / conditions. * Facilitates Bank Lending Banks easily know the prices of quoted securities. They offer loans to customers against corporate securities. This gives convenience to the owners of securities. List of Stock Exchanges In India Bombay Stock Exchange National Stock Exchange Regional Stock Exchanges Ahmedabad Bangalore Bhubaneshwar Calcutta Cochin Coimbatore Delhi Guwahati Hyderabad Jaipur Ludhiana Madhya Pradesh Madras Magadh Mangalore Meerut OTC Exchange Of India Pune Saurashtra Kutch UttarPradesh Vadodara CONCLUSION Stock exchange is indispensible for the smooth and orderly functioning of corporate sector in a free market economy. A stock exchange need not be set as a place for speculation or a gambling den. It should act as a place for safe and profitable investable. , for this effective control on the working of stock exchange is necessary. This willing avoid misuse of this platform for excessive speculation, scams and other undesirable and ant i social activities.Thus, stock exchange serves the nation in several ways through its diversified economic services which include impartation liquidity to investments, providing marketability, enabling evaluation and ensuring price continuity of securities. Thus we can say that Stock exchange is the mirror of economy REFERENCES * Financial Management I. M Pandey * Financial Management Prasanna Chandra * strain studies B. S Raman * Business studies P. K Lasar * http//moneycontrol. com * http//investopedia. com * http//wikipedia. com * http//kalyan-city. blogspot. in